Table 2. Summarized adjusted odds ratio for each symptom in a case–control study of long COVID, Sapporo, Japan*.
| Symptoms | Adjusted odds ratio, by time after illness onset |
Likeliness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2–3 mo | 4–6 mo | 7–9 mo | 10–12 mo | 13–18 mo | ||
| Systemic | ||||||
| Fatigue | >1.5 | <1 | <1 | >1 | >1 | Likely |
| Fever, temp. >37C° | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Likely |
| Headache | <1 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <1 | >1 | Less likely |
| Night sweats |
>1.5
|
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
>1 |
NA |
Less likely |
| Respiratory | ||||||
| Cough | >1.5 | <1 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <1 | Unlikely |
| Dyspnea | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Pleuritic chest pain |
>1.5
|
>1.5 |
>1.5 |
>1.5
|
NA |
Very likely |
| Neuropsychiatric | ||||||
| Diminished ability to concentrate | <1 | <1 | >1 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Likely |
| Brain fog | >1 | >1 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Sleep disturbance |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<1 |
Unlikely |
| Otorhinolaryngological | ||||||
| Ageusia | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Anosmia | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Pharyngalgia | >1.5 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Rhinorrhea | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Tinnitus |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<1 |
Unlikely |
| Musculoskeletal | ||||||
| Muscle weakness | >1.5 | >1 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Arthralgia or joint swelling | <1 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Myalgia |
>1 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<1 |
<0.66 |
Unlikely |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| Chest pain |
>1.5
|
>1 |
>1 |
>1.5
|
>1.5
|
Very likely |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||||
| Poor appetite | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1 | >1.5 | >1 | Likely |
| Diarrhea | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Nausea or vomiting | >1.5 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <1 | Unlikely |
| Abdominal pain | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Constipation |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
Unlikely |
| Dermatologic | ||||||
| Alopecia | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | >1.5 | Very likely |
| Skin rash | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Tingling | <1 | <0.66 | <0.66 | NA | <1 | Unlikely |
| Pseudo-chilblains on toes |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<0.66 |
<1 |
>1.5 |
Less likely |
| Other | ||||||
| Abnormal menstruation | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
| Erectile dysfunction | <0.66 | <0.66 | <1 | >1 | >1.5 | Less likely |
| Eye symptoms | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | <0.66 | Unlikely |
*Reference for regression is based on controls. Bold text indicates 95% CI that does not contain 1. NA, not applicable.