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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Heart Lung Transplant. 2022 May 13;41(8):1014–1022. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.04.010

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Genetic modifications designed to address mechanisms of xenograft injury: Examples of genetic modifications designed to prevent known xenograft injury (top) include Gal a 1-3Gal and 2 other carbohydrates (triple knockout, TKO) and expression of human complement pathway regulatory proteins (hCPRPs) and coagulation pathway regulatory proteins, eg, thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor (bottom). Absence of carbohydrate antigens and expression of human complement and coagulation pathway regulatory molecules reduce endothelial activation and injury.