Table 4. Proportion of frail, pre-frail and non-frail by gender.
| Characteristics | Men, n (%) | Women, n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-frail, n (%) | Pre-frail, n (%) | Frail, n (%) | Non-frail, n (%) | Pre-frail, n (%) | Frail, n (%) | |
| All participants | 57 (27.9) | 131 (64.2) | 16 (7.8) | 38 (22.4) | 120 (70.6) | 12 (7.1) |
| Age | ||||||
| 50–58 years | 43 (36.1) | 69 (58.0) | 7 (5.9) | 30 (27.3) | 73 (66.4) | 7 (6.4) |
| > 58 years | 14 (16.5) | 62 (72.9) | 9 (10.6) | 8 (13.3) | 47 (78.3) | 5 (8.3) |
| Address | ||||||
| Urban | 49 (33.6) | 90 (61.6) | 7 (4.8) | 36 (24.2) | 101 (67.8) | 12 (8.1) |
| Rural | 8 (13.8) | 41 (70.7) | 9 (15.5) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Education | ||||||
| No education | 7 (11.2) | 45 (72.6) | 10 (16.1) | 8 (13.6) | 46 (78.0) | 5 (8.5) |
| Has education | 50 (35.2) | 86 (60.6) | 6 (4.2) | 30 (27.0) | 74 (66.7) | 7 (6.3) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single life | 8 (19.5) | 26 (63.4) | 7 (17.7) | 13 (14.8) | 64 (72.7) | 11 (12.5) |
| Married | 49 (30.1) | 105 (64.4) | 9 (5.5) | 25 (30.5) | 56 (68.3) | 1 (1.2) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| No job/House wife | 8 (9.6) | 67 (80.7) | 8 (9.6) | |||
| Farmer | 5 (9.4) | 37 (69.8) | 11 (20.8) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Has job/Pensioned | 52 (34.4) | 94 (62.3) | 5 (3.3) | 29 (36.7) | 46 (58.2) | 4 (5.1) |
| Income | ||||||
| < 3000 ETB | 14 (17.5) | 58 (72.5) | 8 (10.0) | 8 (11.9) | 54 (80.6) | 5 (7.5) |
| > 3000 ETB | 38 (37.3) | 59 (57.8) | 5 (4.9) | 26 (41.9) | 35 (56.5) | 1 (1.6) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Low or high | 8 (9.6) | 64 (77.1) | 11 (13.3) | 1 (1.7) | 50 (83.3) | 9 (15.0) |
| Normal | 49 (40.5) | 67 (55.4) | 5 (4.1) | 37 (33.6) | 70 (63.6) | 3 (2.7) |
| Years with comorbidities* | ||||||
| < 8 | 31 (34.4) | 51 (56.7) | 8 (8.9) | 24 (42.1) | 33 (57.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| > 8 or more | 26 (22.8) | 80 (70.2) | 8 (7.0) | 14 (12.4) | 87 (77.0) | 12 (10.6) |
| Haemoglobin level | ||||||
| < 12 gm/dl | 2 (15.4) | 9 (69.2) | 2 (15.4) | 1 (8.3) | 9 (75.0) | 2 (16.7) |
| > 12 gm/dl | 49 (29.3) | 106 (63.5) | 12 (7.2) | 33 (22.1) | 106 (71.1) | 10 (6.7) |
| Admission history | ||||||
| Yes | 22 (24.7) | 57 (64.0) | 10 (11.2) | 20 (29.4) | 45 (66.2) | 3 (4.4) |
| No | 35 (30.4) | 74 (64.3) | 6 (5.2) | 18 (17.6) | 75 (73.5) | 9 (8.8) |
BMI = body mass index; ETB = Ethiopian Birr (* = 1 USD = 46.475 ETB); NCD = non communicable disease; gm/dl = gram per decilitre;
* = Years with HIV for PLHIV or years with the NCDs for controls; PLHIV = people living with HIV