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. 2023 Mar 9;134(5):1135–1153. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00508.2022

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Published by the American Physiological Society.

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0. Published by the American Physiological Society.

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Figure 4. — Differential metabolomics analysis on serum of tryptophan and kynurenine signaling pathway metabolites in aged male rats. Data were calculated using a mixed models’ analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons correction. Individual tryptophan concentration on blood serum was significantly affected by exercise training (A) and picolinic acid concentration was significantly altered by our genetically modified probiotic (GMP) probiotic (B). There were no significant effects of each treatment factor across the different ratios (C–F). Data are expressed as group means ± 1 SE; (n = 63 rats). *Statistical significance P ≤ 0.05. CON, Control; LP, L. paracasei; LPA, L. paracasei expressing Angiotensin (1–7).