Table 4.
Effects of COVID-19-related measures of SHP 2021 on symptoms of social anxiety (Mini-SPIN ≥ 6) among 13 to 20-year-old Finns in 2021 in females and males
| COVID19-related measures in SHP 2021: effect of COVID-19 on everyday life | Adjusted model 11 | Adjusted model 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | Females | Males | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Time spent in remote school | ||||||||
| Less than 1 month per semester (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 1–2 months per semester at most | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.0123 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.2311 | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.1004 | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.4552 |
| Over 2 months in either semester | 1.09** (1.04–1.14) | 0.0009 | 1.11**(1.05–1.19) | 0.0010 | 1.04**(0.98–1.09) | 0.1765 | 1.08**(1.01–1.15) | 0.0274 |
| Over 2 months in both semesters | 1.07# (1.00–1.15) | 0.0421 | 1.03# (0.95–1.12) | 0.4671 | 0.94*(0.88–1.01) | 0.0906 | 0.95*(0.87–1.03) | 0.1881 |
| Support received in remote school for studies/learning | ||||||||
| No need/received plenty (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Received some | 1.04*** (1.00–1.07) | 0.0469 | 1.16***(1.10–1.21) | < 0.0001 | 0.96***(0.93–1.00) | 0.0396 | 1.11***(1.06–1.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Not received, would have needed | 1.63*** (1.56–1.70) | < 0.0001 | 1.93***(1.81–2.05) | < 0.0001 | 1.12***(1.07–1.17) | < 0.0001 | 1.35***(1.26–1.45) | < 0.0001 |
| Worry, get infected, self | ||||||||
| Not at all (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Some | 1.12*** (1.08–1.15) | < 0.0001 | 1.38***(1.32–1.43) | < 0.0001 | 1.13***(1.09–1.16) | < 0.0001 | 1.35***(1.29–1.41) | < 0.0001 |
| A lot | 1.57*** (1.49–1.66) | < 0.0001 | 2.06***(1.86–2.28) | < 0.0001 | 1.34***(1.26–1.42) | < 0.0001 | 1.63***(1.46–1.82) | < 0.0001 |
| Worry, transmit to others | ||||||||
| Not at all (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Some | 1.12*** (1.08–1.15) | < 0.0001 | 1.36***(1.31–1.42) | < 0.0001 | 1.09***(1.06–1.13) | < 0.0001 | 1.32***(1.27–1.38) | < 0.0001 |
| A lot | 1.59*** (1.52–1.66) | < 0.0001 | 2.05***(1.91–2.20) | < 0.0001 | 1.31***(1.25–1.38) | < 0.0001 | 1.66***(1.53–1.79) | < 0.0001 |
| Effect on contacts with friends | ||||||||
| No effect (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Decreased | 1.39*** (1.34–1.43) | < 0.0001 | 1.51***(1.44–1.58) | < 0.0001 | 1.23***(1.19–1.27) | < 0.0001 | 1.36***(1.30–1.42) | < 0.0001 |
| Increased | 1.22*** (1.17–1.28) | < 0.0001 | 1.50***(1.41–1.59) | < 0.0001 | 1.08***(1.03–1.13) | 0.0021 | 1.33***(1.24–1.42) | < 0.0001 |
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) from adjusted logistic regression analyses
1Model 1: adjusted for age group, parental education, living with both parents, immigrant status and region; Model 2: in addition to model 1 adjustments, adjusted for generalized anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) and being depressed (PHQ-2 ≥ 3)
Significance of the difference in effects between genders: *p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001