Table 3.

Characteristics of wound risk prediction studies—in-hospital outcomes

Study	Observation Period	Endpoint	Sample Size	Model Predictors	Model Type and Performance
Xie et al (2021)	2009–2020	In-hospital amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer	618 patients	Demographic features, medical and medication history, clinical and laboratory data, Wagner Ulcer Classification, Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection (WIfI) Classification	Light Gradient Boosting Machine multiclass classification model AUC: Minor amputation: 0.85 Major amputation: 0.86 Nonamputation: 0.90
Cramer et al (2019)	2001–2012	Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in intensive care units	50,581 admissions	Demographic parameters, diagnosis codes, laboratory values, and vitals in the first 24 h of admission.	Braden score vs machine learning weighted linear regression. Braden score: Precision = 0.09 Recall = 0.50 ML weighted: Precision = 0.09 Recall = 0.71