Table 1.
Baseline demographics
| Characteristic | Magnesium (n=75) | Placebo (n=73) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 66±11 | 65±14 |
| Male sex (%) | 47 (61) | 43 (59) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±4.7 | 29.2±5.6 |
| Cause of CKD (%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (24) | 19 (26) |
| Hypertension | 15 (20) | 16 (22) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 13 (17) | 11 (15) |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 4 (5) | 5 (7) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 2 (3) | 2 (3) |
| Other | 9 (12) | 13 (18) |
| Unknown | 13 (17) | 9 (12) |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 70 (93) | 69 (95) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | 3 (4) | 2 (3) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 26 (35) | 29 (40) |
| Coronary artery disease | 12 (16) | 16 (22) |
| Heart failure | 4 (5) | 4 (6) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10 (13) | 7 (10) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (8) | 3 (4) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 63 (84) | 63 (86) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (9) | 4 (6) |
| Smoking (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 27 (36) | 27 (37) |
| Previous smoker | 34 (45) | 30 (41) |
| Current smoker | 14 (19) | 16 (22) |
| Pack-years | 10 (0–30) | 9.5 (0–25) |
| Medication (%) | ||
| ACEi or ARB | 54 (73) | 50 (69) |
| Loop diuretic | 36 (49) | 34 (47) |
| Thiazide diuretic | 11 (15) | 17 (23) |
| Statin | 43 (58) | 44 (60) |
| Antiplatelet | 25 (34) | 29 (40) |
| DOAC | 3 (4) | 3 (4) |
| Warfarin | 3 (4) | 2 (3) |
| Insulin | 17 (23) | 19 (26) |
| GLP-1 RA | 1 (1) | 2 (3) |
| SGLT2i | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Activate vitamin D analogs | 21 (28) | 16 (22) |
| Native vitamin D analogs | 38 (51) | 30 (41) |
| Ca-containing PO4 binders | 4 (5) | 3 (4) |
| Non-Ca-containing PO4 binders | 4 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Erythropoietin-stimulating agents | 4 (5) | 4 (6) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139 (131–157) | 140 (128–151) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80 (72–86) | 79 (71–85) |
| Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 (3.6–5.6) | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) |
| Plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.5 (1.6–3.5) | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) |
| Blood hemoglobin A1c | ||
| Subjects with diabetes mellitus (mmol/mol) | 53 (43–76) | 61 (53–64) |
| Subjects without diabetes mellitus (mmol/mol) | 38 (34–40) | 37 (34–41) |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 25 (21–33) | 25 (20–33) |
| 24-h urine protein excretion (g) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.7 (0.2–1.8) |
| Plasma Mg (mmol/L) | 0.83±0.10 | 0.83±0.09 |
| Plasma PO4 (mmol/L) | 1.28±0.20 | 1.25±0.18 |
| Plasma ionized Ca (mmol/L) | 1.21 (1.18–1.25) | 1.21 (1.19–1.23) |
| Plasma intact PTH (pmol/L) | 10.6 (6.6–21.3) | 12 (8.0–19.0) |
| Plasma bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 23.6±2.8 | 24.1±3.1 |
| Serum calcification propensity (min) | 254±81 | 251±74 |
| CAC score | 413 (19–1585) | 274 (29–1007) |
| CAC score >0 (%) | 64 (85) | 63 (86) |
Mean±SD or median and interquartile range. BMI, body mass index; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-2 receptor blocker; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor; Ca, calcium; PO4, phosphate; Mg, magnesium; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CAC, coronary artery calcification.