TABLE 4.
Univariable and multivariable analyses of characteristics to predict SSN growth
| Variable | Univariate analysis a | Multivariate analysis b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age | 1.031 | 1.018–1.043 | <0.001 | 1.013 | 1.001–1.026 | 0.038 |
| Sex | 1.510 | 1.119–2.039 | 0.007 | 1.317 | 0.964–1.799 | 0.084 |
| Type of SSN | 1.813 | 1.481–2.219 | <0.001 | 1.256 | 0.792–1.991 | 0.333 |
| Smoking status (current or former vs. never) | 1.247 | 0.852–1.825 | 0.255 | |||
| History of lung cancer (yes vs. no) | 1.071 | 0.767–1.496 | 0.687 | |||
| History of other cancer (yes vs. no) | 0.809 | 0.579–1.129 | 0.213 | |||
| History of chronic lung disease (yes vs. no) | 1.301 | 0.804–2.106 | 0.284 | |||
| Family history of cancer (yes vs. no) | 1.063 | 0.668–1.693 | 0.795 | |||
| Solitary pulmonary nodule (yes vs. no) | 0.980 | 0.735–1.306 | 0.889 | |||
| Location (right vs. left) | 1.076 | 0.804–1.440 | 0.623 | |||
| Vascular sign (yes vs. no) | 1.701 | 1.277–2.267 | <0.001 | 1.207 | 0.935–1.723 | 0.126 |
| Lobulated sign (yes vs. no) | 1.499 | 0.941–2.388 | 0.088 | |||
| Vacuole sign (yes vs. no) | 2.218 | 1.560–3.152 | <0.001 | 1.209 | 0.807–1.814 | 0.358 |
| Pleural retraction (yes vs. no) | 3.465 | 1.957–6.136 | <0.001 | 0.825 | 0.408–1.668 | 0.593 |
| Initial maximal diameter (mm) | 1.127 | 1.101–1.153 | <0.001 | 1.097 | 1.067–1.129 | <0.001 |
| Initial mean CT value (HU) | 1.001 | 0.999–1.002 | 0.413 | |||
| CTR in LW | 8.692 | 4.005–18.632 | <0.001 | 3.721 | 1.618–8.554 | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CT, computed tomography; CTR, maximum diameter of consolidation relative to the maximum tumor diameter; HR, hazard ratio; LW, lung window; SSN, subsolid nodule.
a
Kaplan–Meier analyses with the log‐rank test.
b
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with backward stepwise selection.