Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and anti-diabetes drugs of patients with diabetes receiving COVID-19 vaccines
| Characteristic | Mean (standard deviation) or No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChAd (n = 159) |
Moderna (n = 229) |
BNT (n = 67) |
P value | ||||
| Age (years) | 63.44 | (14.52) | 65.67 | (8.42) | 52.62 | (11.34) | < 0.001* |
| Male gender | 89 | (56.33%) | 132 | (57.64%) | 46 | (68.66%) | 0.201 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9.17 | (5.98) | 10.57 | (6.17) | 7.39 | (5.5) | < 0.001* |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1 | (0.63%) | 2 | (0.87%) | 2 | (2.99%) | 0.269 |
| Alcohol | 22 | (13.84%) | 40 | (17.47%) | 7 | (17.47%) | 0.313 |
| Smoker | 19 | (11.95%) | 35 | (15.28%) | 14 | (20.90%) | 0.222 |
| Retinopathy | 34 | (21.38%) | 50 | (21.83%) | 12 | (17.91%) | 0.782 |
| Proteinuria | 56 | (35.44%) | 87 | (37.99%) | 23 | (34.33%) | 0.806 |
| Hypertension | 114 | (71.70%) | 168 | (73.36%) | 48 | (71.64%) | 0.922 |
| Coronary heart diseasea | 14 | (8.81%) | 20 | (8.73%) | 8 | (11.94%) | 0.709 |
| Cerebrovascular accidentb | 14 | (8.81%) | 14 | (6.11%) | 3 | (4.48%) | 0.418 |
| Heart failure | 8 | (5.03%) | 4 | (1.75%) | 2 | (2.99%) | 0.183 |
| End-stage renal disease | 8 | (5.03%) | 1 | (0.44%) | 0 | (0.00%) | 0.003* |
| Anti-Diabetes drugs | |||||||
| Sulfonylurea | 54 | (33.96%) | 98 | (42.79%) | 28 | (41.79%) | 0.119 |
| Metformin | 133 | (83.65%) | 195 | (85.15%) | 59 | (88.06%) | 0.696 |
| Acarbose | 8 | (5.03%) | 8 | (3.49%) | 4 | (5.97%) | 0.609 |
| Glinide | 7 | (4.40%) | 7 | (3.06%) | 0 | (0.00%) | 0.216 |
| Pioglitazone | 5 | (3.14%) | 6 | (2.62%) | 1 | (1.49%) | 0.778 |
| DPP4ic | 65 | (40.88%) | 98 | (42.79%) | 25 | (37.31%) | 0.718 |
| SGLT2id | 28 | (17.72%) | 34 | (14.91%) | 21 | (31.82%) | 0.007* |
| Insulin | 30 | (18.87%) | 56 | (24.45%) | 15 | (22.39%) | 0.428 |
| GLP-1e analog | 6 | (3.77%) | 11 | (4.80%) | 3 | (4.48%) | 0.888 |
| Statins | 112 | (70.44%) | 159 | (69.43) | 48 | (71.64) | 0.935 |
* Significance: P value < 0.05
a Coronary heart disease including history of ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease
b Cerebrovascular accident including history of embolic, ischemic, or hemorrhagic stroke
c DPP4i = dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor
d SGLT2i = sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
e GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1