Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 686) | Slow progression group (n = 306) | Rapid progression group (n = 380) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67.8 ± 12.4 | 67.0 ± 13.0 | 68.5 ± 11.8 | 0.139 |
| Female (%) | 361 (52.6) | 164 (53.6) | 197 (51.8) | 0.648 |
| BMI > 25 kg/m2 (%) | 239 (34.8) | 106 (34.6) | 133 (35.0) | 0.922 |
| Comorbid conditions (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 431 (62.8) | 200 (65.4) | 231 (60.8) | 0.218 |
| Dyslipidemia | 246 (35.9) | 118 (38.6) | 128 (33.7) | 0.214 |
| Diabetes | 230 (33.5) | 112 (36.6) | 118 (31.1) | 0.126 |
| PAOD | 32 (4.7) | 11 (3.6) | 21 (5.5) | 0.233 |
| Stroke | 67 (9.8) | 36 (11.8) | 31 (8.2) | 0.114 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 123 (17.9) | 61 (19.9) | 62 (16.3) | 0.219 |
| COPD | 26 (3.8) | 12 (3.9) | 14 (3.7) | 0.871 |
| Coronary artery disease | 181 (26.4) | 85 (27.8) | 96 (25.3) | 0.458 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 30 (4.4) | 14 (4.6) | 16 (4.2) | 0.816 |
| Congestive heart failure | 78 (11.4) | 46 (15.0) | 32 (8.4) | 0.007 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 168 (24.5) | 91 (29.7) | 77 (20.3) | 0.004 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 144 (21.0) | 73 (23.9) | 71 (18.7) | 0.098 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 74 (10.8) | 26 (8.5) | 48 (12.6) | 0.083 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 155 (22.6) | 68 (22.2) | 87 (22.9) | 0.834 |
| Reason for echocardiography | ||||
| Symptomatic* | 200 (29.2) | 94 (30.7) | 106 (27.9) | 0.419 |
| Routine follow-up for known mild AS | 156 (22.7) | 53 (17.3) | 103 (27.1) | 0.002 |
| Cardiac evaluation for systematic disease or other cardiac disease† | 318 (46.4) | 152 (49.7) | 166 (43.7) | 0.118 |
| Cardiac evaluation for non-cardiac procedures/surgery | 12 (1.7) | 7 (2.3) | 5 (1.3) | 0.335 |
| Echocardiographic findings | ||||
| Mean interscan interval, years | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.641 |
| Initial MPG, mmHg | 25.8 ± 5.2 | 22.9 ± 2.8 | 28.2 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
| MPG mean progression rate, mmHg/year | 2.5 ± 4.8 | 0.3 ± 3.6 | 4.2 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| Initial PPG, mmHg | 45.3 ± 9.6 | 40.5 ± 5.9 | 49.2 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 |
| Initial peak velocity, m/s | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| Initial AVA by CE, cm2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| LVOT VTI, cm | 24.0 ± 5.2 | 23.5 ± 4.8 | 24.4 ± 5.5 | 0.026 |
| LVEF (%) | 65.3 ± 10.7 | 63.6 ± 12.3 | 66.7 ± 9.0 | < 0.001 |
| LVEF < 40% (%) | 18 (2.6) | 13 (4.2) | 5 (1.3) | 0.017 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, mm | 50.2 ± 6.4 | 50.9 ± 6.8 | 49.6 ± 6.0 | 0.009 |
| LV end-systolic dimension, mm | 33.0 ± 6.6 | 34.0 ± 7.6 | 32.1 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 |
AVA aortic valve area, BMI body mass index, CE continuity equation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LV left ventricular, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract, MPG mean pressure gradient, PAOD peripheral arterial occlusive disease, PPG peak pressure gradient, VTI time–velocity integral.
*Symptomatic: Chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, dizziness, edema, general weakness.
†Systematic disease or other cardiac disease: Other cardiac disease (arrythmia, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis), systematic disease (chronic kidney disease, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis).