Table 4.
Exhaled microRNA RF models.
| RF models, lower stringency | Individual component factors | Accuracy (p-value) | Sensi, Speci | PPV, NPV | ROC-AUC | AUC difference, Clinical versus Clinical + micro-RNA, % (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects, all smoking categories, all tumor histologies, n = 166 cases, 185 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone (unselected) | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease, tumor histology for cases] |
0.74 (< 2.2e−16) |
0.74, 0.74 |
0.76, 0.72 |
0.814 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 21, 33b, 944, 1269a, 1910 |
0.57 (< 2.2e−16) |
0.63, 0.50 |
0.58, 0.55 |
0.611 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical factors and All 24 miRs |
0.74 (2e−16) |
0.74, 0.74 |
0.76, 0.73 |
0.826 | 1.2% (0.07) |
| Former smokers only n = 79cases, 77 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease] |
0.69 (< 2.2e−16) |
0.69 0.69 |
0.69 0.70 |
0.777 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 33b, 146a.5p, 200a, 212, 1293 |
0.59 (< 2.0e−16) |
0.57 0.61 |
0.59 0.59 |
0.656 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs |
0.70 (< 2.0e−16) |
0.67 0.72 |
0.70 0.69 |
0.807 | 3.0% (6.0e−03) |
| Early stage only (stages I and II) n = 78 cases, 184 controls | ||||||
| Clinical Variables Alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease] |
0.75 (2.2e−16) |
0.86 0.50 |
0.80, 0.60 |
0.806 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 96, 146a.5p, 944, 1269a, 1910 |
0.700 (NS) |
0.90, 0.23 |
0.73 0.49 |
||
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical variables and All miRs |
0.76 (< 2.2e−16) |
0.90, 0.45 |
0.79 0.65 |
0.828 | (2.2% (5.1e−03) |
| Former Smoker x Early Stage Sub-subgroup n = 34 cases, 77 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease, tumor histology for cases] |
0.71 (1.9e−03) |
0.87 0.35 |
0.75 0.54 |
0.714 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 96, 146a.5p, 200b, 345, 1910 |
0.67 (NS) |
0.86 0.25 |
0.72 0.44 |
0.641 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs |
0.71 (1.4e−02) |
0.90 0.28 |
0.74 0.54 |
0.738 | 2.4% (NS) |
| Current Smokers only, n = 38cases, 72 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease, tumor histology for cases] |
0.78 (2.2e−16) |
0.59 0.87 |
0.71 0.80 |
0.731 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 105, 146a.5p, 182.5p, 200a, 205 |
0.59 (NS) |
0.15 0.82 |
0.30 0.65 |
0.464 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs | 0.76 (2.2e−16) |
0.48 0.90 |
0.73 0.77 |
0.764 | 3.3% (3.5e−02) |
| Adenocarcinoma only, n = 87cases, 184 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit-years, underlying lung disease] |
0.74 (< 2.2e−16) |
0.83 0.53 |
0.79 0.60 |
0.817 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 96, 146a.5p, 221, 944, 1269a |
0.65 (NS) |
0.87 0.18 |
0.69 0.40 |
0.579 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs |
0.73 (2.2e−16) |
0.87 0.43 |
0.76 0.61 |
0.796 | −2.1% (1.1e−02), neg direction |
| Late Stage (III, IV) only, n = 77cases, 184 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit years, underlying lung disease, underlying lung disease] | 0.74 (2.2e−16) |
0.84 0.49 |
0.80 0.56 |
0.797 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 31, 33b, 105, 212, 944 |
0.67 (NS) |
0.90 0.12 |
0.71 0.35 |
0.541 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs | 0.74 (2.2e−16) |
089 0.38 |
0.77 0.58 |
0.809 | 1.2% (NS) |
| Late Stage (III, IV) x Former Smoker, n = 40 cases, 77 controls | ||||||
| Clinical variables alone | All clinical variables [age, gender, smoking status, pack-years, quit years, underlying lung disease, underlying lung disease] histologies?] |
0.70 (1.6e−13) |
0.82 0.46 |
0.75 0.57 |
0.781 | |
| microRNAs alone |
All 24 microRNAs Important miRs: 33b, 200a, 212, 345, 1293 |
0.63 (NS) |
0.84 0.22 |
0.67 0.41 |
0.654 | |
| Clinical + microRNA | All Clinical and All miRs | 0.69 (1.1e−07) |
0.85 0.37 |
0.72 0.57 |
0.789 | 0.8% (NS) |
RF Models of case–control distinction, including clinical variables alone, exhaled microRNAs alone, and the two combined, and performance characteristics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV, resp.), Underlying lung disease is treated as a (trichotomous) variable: (3). COPD or fibrosis or inflammation or asthma (all carry some lung cancer risk); versus (2). sarcoid bronchiectasis; versus (1) none/other).