Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Variable, n (%) | Total (n = 336) |
TIVA group (n = 119) |
Inhaled-intravenous anesthesia group (n = 217) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.004 | |||
| Male | 177 (52.7) | 50 (42.0) | 127 (58.5) | |
| Female | 159 (47.3) | 69 (58.0) | 90 (41.5) | |
| Age (years) | 0.816 | |||
| <55 | 110 (32.7) | 38 (31.9) | 72 (33.2) | |
| ≥55 | 226 (67.3) | 81 (68.1) | 145 (66.8) | |
| Comorbidities | 107 (31.9) | 50 (42.0) | 57 (26.3) | 0.003 |
| Intraoperative use of opioids | 0.305 | |||
| Remifentanil in combination with sufentanil/remifentanil/sufentanil | 277 (82.7) | 95 (79.8) | 182 (84.3) | |
| Fentanyl in combination with remifentanil/fentanyl in combination with sufentanil/fentanyl | 58 (17.3) | 24 (20.2) | 34 (15.7) | |
| Postoperative use of opioids | 208 (61.9) | 72 (60.5) | 136 (62.7) | 0.695 |
| Muscle relaxant | 292 (90.7) | 102 (90.3) | 190 (90.9) | 0.850 |
| Sedative | 157 (46.7) | 56 (47.1) | 101 (46.5) | 0.928 |
| NSAID | 189 (56.3) | 60 (50.4) | 129 (59.5) | 0.111 |
| Anti-nausea and vomiting drugs | 191 (56.9) | 63 (52.9) | 128 (59.0) | 0.285 |
| Intraoperative use of hyperensort | 0.234 | |||
| Methoxamine | 305 (90.8) | 105 (88.2) | 200 (92.2) | |
| Ephedrine/nradrenaline/phenylephrine | 31 (9.2) | 14 (11.8) | 17 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Tumor type | ||||
| Esophageal cancer | 112 (33.33) | 47 (39.50) | 65 (29.95) | |
| Lung cancer | 94 (27.98) | 43 (36.13) | 51 (23.50) | |
| Breast cancer | 130 (38.69) | 29 (24.37) | 101 (46.54) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I | 73 (21.9) | 30 (25.4) | 43 (19.9) | 0.299 |
| II | 127 (38.0) | 42 (35.6) | 85 (39.4) | |
| III | 106 (31.7) | 33 (28.0) | 73 (33.8) | |
| IV | 28 (8.4) | 13 (11.0) | 15 (6.9) | |
TIVA, total intravenous anesthesia; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.