. 2023 Apr 11;11:1149477. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1149477

Table 3.

Factors associated with amount of deterioration in hearing across frequencies (n = 77).

	500 Hz		1,000 Hz		2,000 Hz		4,000 Hz
	Coefficient^a	p-value	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value
Age at diagnosis (mos)	−0.18 (−0.35, −0.02)	0.028	−0.09 (−0.23, 0.06)	0.218	−0.01 (−0.21, 0.01)	0.095	−0.01 (−0.13, 0.11)	0.905
Severity (PTA) at baseline	0.01 (−0.26, 0.28)	0.935	0.10 (−0.13, 0.33)	0.383	−0.01 (−0.19, 0.16)	0.879	0.14 (−0.08, 0.35)	0.215
Etiology factors
ENT anomaly-external/middle ear	−18.96 (−41.70, 3.78)	0.100	N/A		−14.18 (−46.90, 18.53)	0.388	−4.44 (−27.18, 18.31)	0.696
ENT anomaly-inner ear	0.47 (−24.80, 25.73)	0.971	−7.41 (−32.72, 17.90)	0.556	6.93 (−7.36, 21.22)	0.335	6.17 (−12.95, 25.29)	0.518
Syndrome (associated with HL)	−11.71 (−28.53, 5.11)	0.167	3.00 (−14.16, 20.16)	0.725	1.54 (−11.25, 14.32)	0.810	−2.25 (−16.71, 12.21)	0.755
Hereditary/genetic	8.25 (−33.12, 49.62)	0.689	4.30 (−14.12, 22.72)	0.638	0.62 (−13.66, 14.91)	0.930	−4.04 (−17.53, 9.45)	0.549
CMV	8.48 (−12.19, 29.15)	0.412	7.63 (−11.68, 26.93)	0.428	8.90 (−6.91, 24.71)	0.264	5.18 (−13.41, 23.77)	0.577

CMV, cytomegalovirus; ENT, ear, nose, throat; HL, hearing loss; PTA, pure-tone average.

^{^a}

In the table, coefficient refers to the difference in hearing level (at each frequency) for every 1 unit change in the factor examined (independent variable, e.g., age, severity). In the model, only age at diagnosis at 500 Hz was significant, i.e., for each month later age of diagnosis, there was a very slight improvement in hearing. For the etiologic (categorical) factors, the coefficient represents the amount of change in hearing level when the etiologic factor is not present vs. present. In the model, no coefficients were statistically significant, i.e., no factors were associated with a difference in hearing level at any frequency.