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. 2023 Apr 11;10:1113013. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1113013

Table 2C.

Individual/household level factors—lifestyle.

Sub-level Factor Consumer behavior Evidence* (References)
Consumption Purchase What How Positive association Negative association Significant difference No association/no significant difference
Lifestyle Tobacco use/smoking F x (65) (32, 65, 67)
F x (63) (63) (54, 63)
V x (32, 65, 67)
V x (63) (63) (54, 63)
FV x (54, 67)
Alcohol consumption/drinking habits F x (32, 67)
F x (54)
V x (32, 67)
V x (54)
FV x (54) (67)
Convenience V x (68)
FV x (45)
Time FV x (37, 66)
Physical activity F x (67)
V x (67)
FV x (67)
Purchased sugar-sweetened beverages FV x (60)
Vegetarianism F x (32)
V x (32)
V x (56)
Eating out FV x (66)
Buy FV daily or weekly FV x (60)
Ownership of a vehicle, Travel to purchase groceries, Ease of transportation F x (73)
F x (73)
V x (73)
V x (73)
FV x (60) (60)
Access to information technology (internet, radio, nr. of mobile phones) F x (73) (73)
V x (73)
F x (73) (73)
V x (73)
Exposure to media—reading newspapers, magazines F x (31)
V x (31) (31)
Exposure to media—listening to radio F x (31) (31)
V x (31)
Exposure to media—watching television F x (31) (31)
V x (31)
*

Evidence: Positive or negative association: Relationship for positive or negative association qualified as statistically significant at the 5% level, based on correlation and regression analysis. Significant differences: tested e.g.„ via t-tests; ANOVA; No association, no significant difference: not statistically significant, or no association. F, Fruit; FV, Fruit and vegetables combined; V, Vegetables; What: Quantities consumed, amount spent for purchasing FV; % of people consuming F, V or FV; How: Represents the frequency of consumption or purchase.