Table 2.
Students’ IPC knowledge scores on sections of general concepts and hand hygiene - before and after IPC intervention
| Variables | Knowledge score before IPC intervention | Knowledge score after IPC intervention | McNemar test p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Correct responses: frequencies (n) and percentage (%) | Correct responses: frequencies (n) and percentage (%) | ||
| Section A: General concept of Infection prevention and control [IPC]. | |||
| Cross-infections in the hospital occur only between patients ['FALSE']. | 60 (48%) | 120 (96%) | <0.001 |
| The primary goal of standard precaution is to reduce infection ['TRUE'] | 113 (90.4%) | 123 (98.4%) | 0.013 |
| Standard precautions are recommended only whenever there is a risk of exposure to blood and body fluids ['FALSE']. | 56 (44.8%) | 120 (96%) | <0.001 |
| Transmission-based precautions are also referred to as Standard precautions ['FALSE']. | 34 (27.2%) | 111 (88.8%) | <0.001 |
| Early initiation of antibiotics is recommended for all patients diagnosed with pharyngitis ['FALSE']. | 67 (53.6%) | 119 (95.2%) | <0.001 |
| Infections that become evident within a day of hospital admission ['FALSE']. | 71 (56.8%) | 119 (95.2%) | <0.001 |
| Infections that become evident after 48 hours of hospital admission [Correct answer is 'TRUE']. | 103 (82.4%) | 122 (97.6%) | <0.001 |
| Section B: Hand hygiene | |||
| Hand hygiene is the single most effective method to prevent HAIs ['TRUE']. | 89 (71.2%) | 125 (100%) | <0.001 |
| As per WHO recommendation, minimum duration for hand washing with soap and water [50-60 seconds]. | 57 (45.6%) | 120 (96%) | <0.001 |
| As per WHO recommendation, minimum duration for alcohol-based hand rub [20-30 seconds]. | 66 (52.8%) | 121 (96.8%) | <0.001 |
| One should take off all hand and wrist jewelry before hand washing ['TRUE']. | 113 (90.4%) | 125 (100%) | 0.013 |
| Arms should be bare below the elbow ['TRUE']. | 96 (76.8%) | 108 (86.4%) | 0.088 |
| Knowledge about correct sequence of hand washing procedure [ONE OPTION]. | 77 (61.6%) | 122 (97.6%) | <0.001 |
| Wearing glove without prior hand hygiene is permissible before an aseptic procedure ['FALSE']. | 80 (64%) | 122 (97.6%) | <0.001 |
| Wearing artificial nails or nail products while hand washing is allowed ['FALSE']. | 91 (72.8%) | 123 (98.4%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol-based hand rub is preferred over hand washing with soap and water if hands are soiled ['FALSE']. | 77 (61.6%) | 121 (96.8%) | <0.001 |
| Knowledge about 5 moments of hand hygiene. | |||
| Before touching a patient. | 120 (96%) | 123 (98.4%) | 0.375 |
| Immediately before performing a clean or aseptic procedure. | 110 (88%) | 120 (96%) | 0.031 |
| After contact with body fluids regardless of whether gloves were used or not. | 115 (92%) | 122 (97.6%) | 0.092 |
| After touching a patient. | 98 (78.4%) | 122 (97.6%) | <0.001 |
| After touching patient surroundings. | 83 (66.4%) | 119 (95.2%) | <0.001 |
Foot note: McNemar test was used for data analysis.