Table 5.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models of MACCEs
| Characteristic | n (%) | Univariate Cox Regression | Multivariate Cox Regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p | ||
| MACCEs | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 100 (19.6) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 199 (39.8) | 1.996 (1.570–2.538) | <0.001 | 2.152 (1.684–2.751) | <0.001 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 378 (74.9) | 4.383 (3.515–5.465) | <0.001 | 4.856 (3.842–6.136) | <0.001 |
| Chest-pain | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 9 (1.8) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 11 (2.2) | 1.218 (0.505–2.939) | 0.661 | 1.167 (0.477–2.854) | 0.735 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 71 (14.1) | 9.336 (4.661–18.699) | <0.001 | 9.056 (4.370–18.767) | <0.001 |
| Acute-myocardial infarction | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 4 (0.8) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 15 (3) | 3.737 (1.240–11.262) | 0.019 | 4.236 (1.368–13.179) | 0.012 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 15 (3) | 4.313 (1.430–13.008) | <0.009 | 4.437 (1.420–13.869) | 0.010 |
| Heart failure | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 8 (1.6) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 22 (4.4) | 2.758 (1.228–6.195) | 0.014 | 2.657 (1.162–6.072) | 0.021 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 56 (11.1) | 8.025 (3.824–16.843) | <0.001 | 7.334 (3.424–15.708) | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic-shock | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 5 (0.9) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 8 (1.6) | 1.563 (0.511–4.780) | 0.433 | 1.957 (0.617–6.325) | 0.252 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 12 (2.3) | 2.779 (0.977–7.905) | 0.055 | 3.707 (1.207–11.384) | 0.022 |
| Malignant-arrhythmia | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 8 (1.5) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 19 (3.8) | 2.353 (1.030–5.376) | 0.042 | 2.554 (1.100–5.931) | 0.029 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 35 (6.9) | 5.128 (2.376–11.065) | <0.001 | 5.309 (2.367–11.908) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral-infarction | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 14 (2.7) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 17 (3.4) | 1.223 (0.603–2.481) | 0.577 | 1.269 (0.614–2.624) | 0.520 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 33 (6.5) | 2.857 (1.526–5.348) | <0.001 | 3.127 (1.596–6.128) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 6 (1.1) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 10 (2) | 1.688 (0.614–4.646) | 0.310 | 2.117 (0.748–5.996) | 0.158 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 17 (3.3) | 3.351 (1.318–8.517) | 0.011 | 4.326 (1.612–11.613) | 0.004 |
| All-cause death | |||||
| TyG≤7.21 | 85 (16.7) | Ref | ‑/‑ | Ref | ‑/‑ |
| 7.21 < TyG <7.89 | 157 (31.4) | 1.854 (1.424–2.414) | <0.001 | 2.022 (1.543–2.649) | <0.001 |
| TyG≥7.89 | 287 (56.8) | 3.945 (3.096–5.027) | <0.001 | 4.502 (3.478–5.827) | <0.001 |
Notes: Adjusted factors included Age, BMI, neutrophil, lymphocyte, PLT, UA, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALP, LVEF, gender, TC, HT his, Ethnicity, Medication (Antiplatelet agent, ACEI/ARB, Beta-blocker, Statins, Oral hypoglycemic agents, Insulin). p values in bold are < 0.05.
Abbreviations: TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; BMI, body mass index; PLT, platelet; UA, uric acid; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; TC, total cholesterol; HT his, history of hypertension; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker, MACCEs Major adverse cardiac and cerebral events; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference.