Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristics | Total n=364 | Training Cohort n=255 | Validation Cohort n=109 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 58 (50,66) | 58 (51,65) | 58 (50,67) | 0.756 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.802 | |||
| Male | 300 (82.4%) | 211 (82.7%) | 89 (81.7%) | |
| Female | 64 (17.6%) | 44 (17.3%) | 20 (18.3%) | |
| HBV, n (%) | 0.331 | |||
| Yes | 247 (67.9%) | 177 (69.4%) | 70 (64.2%) | |
| No | 117 (32.1%) | 78 (30.6%) | 39 (35.8%) | |
| HCV, n (%) | 0.140 | |||
| Yes | 11 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 6 (5.5%) | |
| No | 353 (97%) | 250 (98%) | 103 (94.5%) | |
| Portal vein tumor thrombus, n (%) | 0.062 | |||
| Yes | 83 (22.8%) | 65 (25.5%) | 18 (16.5%) | |
| No | 281 (77.2%) | 190 (74.5%) | 91 (83.5%) | |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.302 | |||
| Yes | 172 (47.3%) | 125 (49%) | 47 (43.1%) | |
| No | 192 (52.7%) | 130 (51%) | 62 (56.9%) | |
| Portal hypertension, n (%) | 0.120 | |||
| Yes | 29 (8%) | 24 (9.4%) | 5 (4.6%) | |
| No | 335 (92%) | 231 (90.6%) | 104 (95.4%) | |
| Tumor size ≥5 cm, n (%) | 0.058 | |||
| Yes | 227 (62.4%) | 151 (59.2%) | 76 (69.7%) | |
| No | 137 (37.6%) | 104 (40.8%) | 33 (30.3%) | |
| Tumor number ≥2, n (%) | <0.05 | |||
| Yes | 199 (54.7%) | 150 (58.8%) | 49 (45%) | |
| No | 165 (45.3%) | 105 (41.2%) | 60 (55%) | |
| Sarcopenia, n (%) | 0.236 | |||
| Yes | 210 (57.7%) | 142 (55.7%) | 68 (62.4%) | |
| No | 154 (42.3%) | 113 (44.3%) | 41 (37.6%) | |
| AFP≥ 200ng/mL, n (%) | 0.552 | |||
| Yes | 185 (50.8%) | 127 (49.8%) | 58 (53.2%) | |
| No | 179 (49.2%) | 128 (50.2%) | 51 (46.8%) | |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 4.092 (2.5992, 6.3484) | 4.175 (2.6778, 6.2901) | 3.86 (2.3146, 6.4536) | 0.418 |
| ALB, g/L, median (IQR) | 34.1 (30, 38.05) | 34.3 (30.3, 38.1) | 33.8 (29.9, 38) | 0.247 |
| TBIL, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 19.6 (13.7, 27.95) | 19.5 (14.05, 27.85) | 21.5 (13.1, 27.9) | 0.887 |
| AST, IU/L, median (IQR) | 47.5 (31, 77) | 46 (30, 75) | 54 (33, 82) | 0.140 |
| ALT, IU/L, median (IQR) | 42 (28, 73.25) | 41 (26, 75) | 48 (31, 71) | 0.148 |
| CA19-9, U/mL, median (IQR) | 23.45 (12.348, 45.297) | 22.56 (12.31, 37.895) | 24.55 (13.51, 54.04) | 0.165 |
| CEA, mg/L, median (IQR) | 2.465 (1.6875, 3.8325) | 2.6 (1.735, 3.94) | 2.32 (1.66, 3.35) | 0.191 |
| ALBI grade, n (%) | 0.978 | |||
| 1 | 52 (14.3%) | 37 (14.5%) | 15 (13.8%) | |
| 2 | 273 (75%) | 191 (74.9%) | 82 (75.2%) | |
| 3 | 39 (10.7%) | 27 (10.6%) | 12 (11%) | |
| BCLC stage, n (%) | <0.01 | |||
| A | 84 (23.1%) | 48 (18.8%) | 36 (33%) | |
| B | 193 (53%) | 139 (54.5%) | 54 (49.5%) | |
| C | 87 (23.9%) | 68 (26.7%) | 19 (17.4%) | |
| Child-Pugh class, n (%) | 0.324 | |||
| A | 359 (98.6%) | 253 (99.2%) | 106 (97.2%) | |
| B | 5 (1.4%) | 2 (0.8%) | 3 (2.8%) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALB, serum albumin; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA 19-9, Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus.