TABLE 1.
Overview of intrathecal immunotherapy used in melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease
| Author | Year | Melanoma patients (n) | Treatment used | (Median Overall) Survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moser, Bruner, and Grimm (1991) | 1991 | 9 | IL-2 | 2/12 had neurological improvement |
| Meyers, Obbens, Scheibel, and Moser (1991) | 1991 | 4 | Interferon- alpha | No clinical improvement |
| Heilmans et al. (1991) | 1991 | 1 | IL-2 and LAK cells | NR |
| Dorval et al. (1992) | 1992 | 1 | Interferon- alpha | 3 months (died from systemic progression) |
| List et al. (1992) | 1992 | 11 | IL-2 | NR |
| Samlowski, Park, Galinsky, Ward, and Schumann (1993) | 1993 | 1 | IL-2 | 1 month |
| Rosener et al. (1993) | 1993 | 1 | IL-2 | NR |
| Meyers and Yung (1993) | 1993 | 1 | IL-2 | 4 years |
| Dippold, Bernhard, and Meyer zum Buschenfelde (1994) | 1994 | 2 | Ganglioside antibody R-24 | NR |
| Fathallah-Shaykh et al. (1996) | 1996 | 1 | IL-2 | 15 months alive at time of report |
| Chamberlain (2002) | 2002 | 2 | Interferon- alpha | NR, progressed after 4 weeks |
| Papadopoulos et al. (2002) | 19942002 | 46 | IL-2 | 3.8 months (0.5–90), response: 11.5 months (range 7–90), no response 3.5 (1.5–11), survival not evaluable, 1 month (0.5–7) |
| Clemons-Miller et al. (2001) | 2001 | 1 | CD8+ CTLs and IL-2 | At least 1 year |
| Heiss, Taha, Oldfield, and Ram (2011) | 2011 | 1 | NIH3T3 producer cells | 9 months |
| Shonka, Kessinger, and Aizenberg (2014) | 2014 | 1 | IL-2 | 170 days after start of IT IL-2 |
| Glitza, Haymaker, et al. (2015) and Glitza, Rohlfs, et al. (2015) | 2015 | 1 | IL-2 and TIL | 5 months after start of IT TIL |
| Ursu et al. (2015) | 2015 | 1 | Immunotherapy with CpG-ODN | 84 weeks, IT therapy given with fotemustine |
| Glitza et al. (2018) | 2018 | 43 | IL-2 | 7.8 months (range, 0.4–90.8 months) |
Abbreviations: IL-2, interleukin-2; LAK, lymphokine-activated killer cells; TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.