Table 1. Participant Characteristics (N = 1026).
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72 (8) |
| Sex | |
| Men | 485 (47) |
| Women | 541 (53) |
| Race and ethnicity | |
| Black, African American | 255 (25) |
| Chinese American | 151 (15) |
| Hispanic | 205 (20) |
| White | 415 (40) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, mean (SD), cm | |
| Men | 0.97 (0.06) |
| Women | 0.90 (0.08) |
| Cigarette smoking | |
| Never | 488 (48) |
| Ever | 538 (52) |
| Current alcohol use | |
| No | 554 (54) |
| Yes | 472 (46) |
| Total intentional exercise, median (IQR), MET/min/wk | 1054 (315-2376) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 127 (21) |
| Use of antihypertensives | |
| No | 424 (41) |
| Yes | 602 (59) |
| Diabetes | |
| No | 802 (78) |
| Yes | 224 (22) |
| Hyperlipidemia | |
| No | 564 (55) |
| Yes | 462 (45) |
| Prevalent CVD | |
| All-cause CVDa | 82 (8) |
| Stroke | 26 (3) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 13 (1) |
| Brain MRI measures of interest | |
| Intracranial volume, mean (SD), μL | 1 359 451 (145 079) |
| Total and regional ePVS volumes, median (IQR), as % of total ROI volume | |
| Total | 0.58 (0.42-0.86) |
| Basal ganglia | 1.89 (1.35-2.77) |
| Thalamus | 0.25 (0.14-0.46) |
| Insular region | 0.12 (0.04-0.25) |
| Brainstem | 0.18 (0.11-0.25) |
| Frontoparietal region | 0.58 (0.37-0.91) |
| Temporal region | 0.39 (0.24-0.63) |
| Total and regional ePVS counts, median (IQR) | |
| Total | 589 (450-754) |
| Basal ganglia | 62 (52-73) |
| Thalamus | 8 (5-11) |
| Insular region | 5 (2-8) |
| Brainstem | 9 (7-11) |
| Frontoparietal region | 389 (292-510) |
| Temporal region | 112 (76-157) |
| Total gray matter volume, mean (SD), μL | 596 759 (64 573) |
| Total white matter hyperintensitiy volume, median (IQR), μL | 3669 (1538-9275) |
| Cerebral microbleeds | |
| Present | 682 (66) |
| Absent | 344 (34) |
| Total white matter fractional anisotropy, mean (SD) | 0.249 (0.013) |
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; ePVS, enlarged perivascular space; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ROI, region of interest.
a
All-cause CVD includes myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, definite angina or probable angina followed by revascularization, or stroke that occurred prior to the date of brain MRI acquisition.