Table 2. Associations of Regional ePVS Volumes With Demographic Characteristicsa.
| Demographic characteristic | Anatomic location | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal ganglia, −1 × x−0.2 | Thalamus, x0.3 | Insular region, x0.35 | Brainstem, x0.425 | Frontoparietal region, x0.05 | Temporal region, ln(x) | |||||||
| β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, per y | 3.59 × 10−3 (2.80 × 10−3 to 4.39 × 10−3) | <.001b | 5.57 × 10−4 (2.19 × 10−4 to 8.95 × 10−4) | .001b | 1.18 × 10−3 (7.98 × 10−4 to 1.55 × 10−3) | <.001b | 4.61 × 10−7 (−1.33 × 10−4 to 1.33 × 10−4) | >.99 | −3.38 × 10−4 (−5.40 × 10−4 to −1.36 × 10−4) | .001b | −1.61 × 10−2 (−2.14 × 10−2 to −1.09 × 10−2) | <.001b |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Women | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | ||||||
| Men | −1.68 × 10−3 (−1.89 × 10−2 to 1.55 × 10−2) | .85 | −3.16 × 10−3 (−1.05 × 10−2 to 4.16 × 10−3) | .40 | −3.58 × 10−3 (−1.17 × 10−2 to 4.58 × 10−3) | .39 | −1.52 × 10−3 (−4.40 × 10−3 to 1.35 × 10−3) | .30 | −4.19 × 10−3 (−8.56 × 10−3 to 1.76 × 10−4) | .06 | −1.55 × 10−1 (−2.69 × 10−1 to −4.06 × 10−2) | .01 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Black, African American | −3.34 × 10−2 (−5.08 × 10−2 to −1.59 × 10−2) | <.001b | 3.64 × 10−3 (−3.80 × 10−3 to 1.11 × 10−2) | .34 | 4.78 × 10−4 (−7.82 × 10−3 to 8.78 × 10−3) | .91 | −5.34 × 10−3 (−8.26 × 10−3 to −2.41 × 10−3) | <.001b | −8.51 × 10−4 (−5.30 × 10−3 to 3.59 × 10−3) | .71 | −6.51 × 10−2 (−1.81 × 10−1 to 5.11 × 10−2) | .27 |
| Chinese American | −1.68 × 10−2 (−3.91 × 10−2 to 5.43 × 10−3) | .14 | −5.24 × 10−3 (−1.47 × 10−2 to 4.23 × 10−3) | .28 | −3.67 × 10−3 (−1.42 × 10−2 to 6.90 × 10−3) | .50 | −3.67 × 10−3 (−7.39 × 10−3 to 6.14 × 10−5) | .05 | −6.50 × 10−3 (−1.22 × 10−2 to −8.40 × 10−4) | .02 | −2.35 × 10−1 (−3.83 × 10−1 to −8.74 × 10−2) | .002b |
| Hispanic | −2.05 × 10−2 (−3.90 × 10−2 to −1.92 × 10−3) | .03 | −8.92 × 10−3 (−1.68 × 10−2 to −1.02 × 10−3) | .03 | 6.39 × 10−3 (−2.41 × 10−3 to 1.52 × 10−2) | .16 | −3.13 × 10−3 (−6.24 × 10−3 to −2.32 × 10−5) | .05 | −4.10 × 10−3 (−8.82 × 10−3 to 6.17 × 10−4) | .09 | −1.73 × 10−1 (−2.96 × 10−1 to −4.99 × 10−2) | .006b |
| White | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | ||||||
Abbreviation: ePVS, enlarged perivascular space.
Values represent β coefficients, reflecting the change in the transformed response variable for 1-increment increase in the variable and their 95% CIs and raw P values. Results from generalized linear models with regional ePVS volumes as the outcomes, and demographic characteristics as variables; models were adjusted for field center, intracranial volume, and vascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical activity). Regional ePVS volumes have undergone the Tukey ladder of powers transformation.
Significant after false-discovery rate control at 5% using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.