Table 3. Associations of Regional ePVS Volumes With Vascular Risk Factorsa.
| Vascular risk factor | Anatomic location | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal ganglia, −1 × x−0.125 | Thalamus, x0.325 | Insular region, x0.35 | Brainstem, x0.45 | Frontoparietal region, x0.05 | Temporal region, ln(x) | |||||||
| β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |
| SBP, per mm Hg | 8.35 × 10−4 (5.19 × 10−4 to 1.15 × 10−3) | <.001b | 1.60 × 10−4 (2.54 × 10−5 to 2.95 × 10−4) | .02 | 1.28 × 10−5 (−1.37 × 10−4 to 1.63 × 10−4) | .87 | 7.84 × 10−6 (−4.51 × 10−5 to 6.08 × 10−5) | .77 | 1.14 × 10−4 (3.38 × 10−5 to 1.95 × 10−4) | .005b | 2.69 × 10−3 (5.85 × 10−4 to 4.79 × 10−3) | .01 |
| Use of antihypertensives | 3.29 × 10-2 (1.92 × 10−2 to 4.67 × 10−2) | <.001 | 1.19 × 10−2 (6.02 × 10−3 to 1.77 × 10−2) | <.001b | 2.77 × 10−5 (−6.51 × 10−3 to 6.57 × 10−3) | .99 | 1.96 × 10−3 (−3.43 × 10−4 to 4.27 × 10−3) | .10 | 9.96 × 10−4 (−2.51 × 10−3 to 4.50 × 10−3) | .58 | 5.01 × 10−2 (−4.14 × 10−2 to 1.42 × 10−1) | .28 |
| Diabetes | −1.52 × 10−3 (−1.72 × 10−2 to 1.41 × 10−2) | .85 | −4.65 × 10−3 (−1.13 × 10−2 to 2.02 × 10−3) | .17 | 7.93 × 10−3 (4.91 × 10−4 to 1.54 × 10−2) | .04 | −3.21 × 10−4 (−2.94 × 10−3 to 2.30 × 10−3) | .81 | 4.90 × 10−3 (9.20 × 10−4 to 8.89 × 10−3) | .02 | 1.25 × 10−1 (2.13 × 10−2 to 2.30 × 10−1) | .02 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6.62 × 10−3 (−6.59 × 10−3 to 1.98 × 10−2) | .33 | 1.22 × 10−3 (−4.41 × 10−3 to 6.84 × 10−3) | .67 | −6.52 × 10−3 (−1.28 × 10−2 to −2.42 × 10−4) | .04 | −7.36 × 10−4 (−2.95 × 10−3 to 1.48 × 10−3) | .52 | −2.75 × 10−3 (−6.11 × 10−3 to 6.16 × 10−4) | .11 | −4.42 × 10−2 (−1.32 × 10−1 to 4.37 × 10−2) | .33 |
| Smoking | −3.69 × 10−3 (−1.63 × 10−2 to 8.89 × 10−3) | .57 | −5.06 × 10−4 (−5.87 × 10−3 to 4.86 × 10−3) | .85 | 4.79 × 10−5 (−5.93 × 10−3 to 6.03 × 10−3) | .99 | 1.62 × 10−4 (−1.95 × 10−3 to 2.27 × 10−3) | .88 | −2.17 × 10−3 (−5.37 × 10−3 to 1.04 × 10−3) | .19 | −8.04 × 10−2 (−1.64 × 10−1 to 3.24 × 10−3) | .06 |
| Alcohol | −7.01 × 10−3 (−2.03 × 10−2 to 6.27 × 10−3) | .30 | 1.18 × 10−3 (−4.48 × 10−3 to 6.84 × 10−3) | .68 | −2.12 × 10−3 (−8.43 × 10−3 to 4.19 × 10−3) | .51 | 1.41 × 10−3 (−8.11 × 10−4 to 3.64 × 10−3) | .21 | 3.20 × 10−4 (−3.06 × 10−3 to 3.70 × 10−3) | .85 | −2.12 × 10−2 (−1.10 × 10−1 to 6.71 × 10−2) | .64 |
| WHR | 7.90 × 10−2 (−1.23 × 10−2 to 1.70 × 10−1) | .09 | −2.40 × 10−2 (−6.29 × 10−2 to 1.49 × 10−2) | .23 | −1.20 × 10−2 (−5.54 × 10−2 to 3.14 × 10−2) | .59 | −2.00 × 10−2 (−3.53 × 10−2 to −4.74 × 10−3) | .01 | −2.42 × 10−2 (−4.75 × 10−2 to −9.79 × 10−4) | .04 | −7.08 × 10−1 (−1.32 to −1.01 × 10 ) | .02 |
| Physical activity, x0.375 | −3.79 × 10−5 (−7.53 × 10−4 to 6.78 × 10−4) | .92 | −4.19 × 10−6 (−3.09 × 10−4 to 3.01 × 10−4) | .98 | 3.28 × 10−5 (−3.07 × 10−4 to 3.73 × 10−4) | .85 | −5.05 × 10−5 (−1.70 × 10−4 to 6.94 × 10−5) | .41 | −8.22 × 10−5 (−2.64 × 10−4 to 9.99 × 10−5) | .38 | 6.03 × 10−4 (−4.15 × 10−3 to 5.36 × 10−3) | .8 |
Abbreviations: ePVS, enlarged perivascular space; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
Results from generalized linear models with regional ePVS volumes as the outcomes, and vascular risk factors as variables; models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, field center, and total intracranial volume. Regional ePVS volumes and intentional physical activity (in MET/min/week) have undergone the Tukey ladder of powers transformation. Values represent β coefficients, reflecting the change in the transformed response variable for 1-increment increase in the variable and their 95% CIs and raw P values.
Significant after false-discovery rate control at 5% using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.