TABLE 3.

Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models estimating adjusted¹ hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cumulative pesticide intensity-weighted days of use² compared to no use

		Unlagged			15-year exposure lag
		N	HR (95% CI)	p_trend	N	HR (95% CI)	p_trend

Fumigants
Methyl Bromide	No use	72	1.00 (ref)	0.98	72	1.00 (ref)	0.61
	M1	6	0.80 (0.31–2.05)		6	1.01 (0.39–2.60)
	M2	6	0.99 (0.37–2.64)		6	1.29 (0.48–3.44)
Fungicides
Captan	No use	63	1.00 (ref)	0.89	67	1.00 (ref)
	M1	6	2.19 (0.94–5.13)		4	--
	M2	5	1.11 (0.45–2.78)		3	--
Herbicides
Chloroacetanilide
Alachlor	No use	35	1.00 (ref)	0.61	42	1.00 (ref)	0.52
	Q1	11	1.40 (0.71–2.79)		10	1.17 (0.58–2.37)
	Q2	11	1.36 (0.68–2.70)		9	0.98 (0.47–2.04)
	Q3	11	0.82 (0.41–1.62)		9	1.26 (0.61–2.62)
	Q4	11	0.94 (0.47–1.86)		9	0.77 (0.37–1.60)
Metolachlor
	No use	44	1.00 (ref)	0.05	50	1.00 (ref)	0.64
	Q1	10	1.23 (0.61–2.47)		8	1.05 (0.49–2.23)
	Q2	8	1.03 (0.48–2.21)		7	1.62 (0.73–3.61)
	Q3	9	0.47 (0.23–0.97)		7	0.77 (0.35–1.71)
	Q4	8	0.64 (0.30–1.38)		7	0.93 (0.42–2.08)
Dinitroanaline
Trifluralin	No use	35	1.00 (ref)	0.80	37	1.00 (ref)	0.94
	Q1	10	1.14 (0.54–2.38)		10	1.17 (0.56–2.46)
	Q2	10	0.78 (0.36–1.66)		9	1.58 (0.72–3.46)
	Q3	10	0.93 (0.43–2.03)		10	1.42 (0.66–3.07)
	Q4	10	1.12 (0.51–2.46)		9	1.09 (0.49–2.45)
Pendimethalin
	No use	30	1.00 (ref)	0.27	35	1.00 (ref)	0.25
	Q1/M1	6	0.56 (0.23–1.37)		6	1.04 (0.43–2.52)
	Q2/M2	5	1.22 (0.46–3.25)		4	0.52 (0.18–1.50)
	Q3	5	0.80 (0.30–2.10)
	Q4	5	0.52 (0.20–1.40)
Phenoxy
2,4-D	No use	16	1.00 (ref)	0.20	23	1.00 (ref)	0.43
	Q1	17	1.07 (0.53–2.14)		16	1.25 (0.65–2.42)
	Q2	17	1.45 (0.72–2.93)		15	1.64 (0.83–3.23)
	Q3	17	0.96 (0.47–1.94)		15	1.01 (0.51–2.00)
	Q4	17	0.77 (0.38–1.56)		15	0.93 (0.47–1.83)
Thiocarbamate
EPTC	No use	60	1.00 (ref)	0.47	63	1.00 (ref)	0.71
	M1	9	1.24 (0.61–2.53)		7	1.54 (0.70–3.41)
	M2	8	0.77 (0.36–1.63)		7	0.84 (0.38–1.87)
Triazine
Atrazine	No use	24	1.00 (ref)	0.72	29	1.00 (ref)	0.90
	Q1	15	0.68 (0.34–1.33)		13	1.05 (0.53–2.09)
	Q2	14	1.09 (0.54–2.22)		13	1.20 (0.60–2.41)
	Q3	14	0.79 (0.39–1.62)		13	1.06 (0.52–2.14)
	Q4	14	0.80 (0.39–1.64)		13	1.00 (0.49–2.03)
Cyanazine
	No use	46	1.00 (ref)	0.15	51	1.00 (ref)	0.18
	Q1	9	0.88 (0.41–1.87)		8	1.09 (0.5–2.38)
	Q2	8	1.84 (0.83–4.06)		7	1.48 (0.65–3.39)
	Q3	9	1.17 (0.55–2.51)		7	1.57 (0.69–3.59)
	Q4	8	0.55 (0.24–1.22)		7	0.55 (0.24–1.28)
Other Herbicide
Glyphosate	No use	19	1.00 (ref)	0.14	34	1.00 (ref)	0.70
	Q1	17	1.01 (0.53–1.95)		13	1.34 (0.7–2.57)
	Q2	16	0.72 (0.37–1.40)		12	1.15 (0.59–2.24)
	Q3	16	0.48 (0.25–0.95)		12	1.28 (0.65–2.49)
	Q4	16	0.63 (0.32–1.25)		12	1.18 (0.6–2.31)
Dicamba	No use	37	1.00 (ref)	0.81	44	1.00 (ref)	0.28
	Q1	11	0.81 (0.40–1.65)		9	1.03 (0.49–2.18)
	Q2	10	0.96 (0.46–2.03)		8	1.24 (0.56–2.72)
	Q3	10	0.60 (0.28–1.28)		8	0.64 (0.29–1.41)
	Q4	10	1.01 (0.47–2.16)		8	1.67 (0.75–3.71)
Metribuzin	No use	29	1.00 (ref)	0.72	31	1.00 (ref)	0.51
	M1	6	0.66 (0.25–1.75)		5	0.61 (0.22–1.69)
	M2	6	0.76 (0.28–2.11)		5	1.32 (0.45–3.85)
Imazethapyr	No use	46	1.00 (ref)	0.91	59	1.00 (ref)	0.82
	Q1/M1	8	0.52 (0.23–1.18)		9	1.11 (0.53–2.31)
	Q2/M2	8	1.13 (0.50–2.57)		9	1.10 (0.53–2.31)
	Q3	8	0.64 (0.28–1.46)
	Q4	7	0.94 (0.39–2.27)
Insecticides
Carbamate
Carbaryl	No use	30	1.00 (ref)	0.001	31	1.00 (ref)	0.02
	M1	7	0.78 (0.34–1.81)		6	1.14 (0.47–2.78)
	M2	6	0.20 (0.08–0.53)		6	0.33 (0.13–0.88)
Carbofuran	No use	55	1.00 (ref)	0.45	60	1.00 (ref)	0.61
	Q1/M1	6	1.19 (0.51–2.77)		9	1.30 (0.64–2.63)
	Q2/M2	5	0.66 (0.27–1.67)		8	0.82 (0.39–1.73)
	Q3	6	1.47 (0.63–3.41)
	Q4	5	1.28 (0.51–3.24)
Organophosphate
Malathion	No use	18	1.00 (ref)	0.12	24	1.00 (ref)	0.13
	Q1	8	0.66 (0.28–1.58)		6	0.87 (0.35–2.19)
	Q2	8	1.28 (0.54–3.01)		5	0.85 (0.32–2.26)
	Q3	8	1.15 (0.50–2.67)		6	1.85 (0.75–4.57)
	Q4	7	0.43 (0.18–1.04)		5	0.39 (0.15–1.03)
Chlorpyrifos	No use	54	1.00 (ref)	0.59	61	1.00 (ref)	0.95
	Q1	8	0.94 (0.44–1.98)		6	0.96 (0.41–2.24)
	Q2	7	0.44 (0.2–0.96)		5	0.55 (0.22–1.39)
	Q3	7	1.24 (0.56–2.74)		6	1.69 (0.73–3.93)
	Q4	7	0.74 (0.34–1.64)		5	0.94 (0.38–2.36)
Phorate	No use	31	1.00 (ref)	0.94	32	100 (ref)	0.77
	M1	6	0.85 (0.34–2.13)		5	1.18 (0.44–3.17)
	M2	5	1.02 (0.39–2.67)		5	0.88 (0.34–2.32)
Terbufos	No use	53	1.00 (ref)	0.91	59	1.00 (ref)	0.82
	Q1/M1	6	0.45 (0.19–1.07)		9	0.53 (0.26–1.09)
	Q2/M2	6	0.60 (0.26–1.42)		9	1.10 (0.54–2.24)
	Q3	6	1.64 (0.70–3.84)
	Q4	6	0.78 (0.33–1.81)
Fonofos	No use	59	1.00 (ref)	0.57	61	1.00 (ref)	0.36
	M1	9	0.86 (0.42–1.77)		8	1.06 (0.50–2.26)
	M2	8	1.33 (0.63–2.81)		7	1.45 (0.65–3.22)
Pyrethroid
Permethrin	No use	60	1.00 (ref)	0.27	62	1.00 (ref)	0.57
	M1	9	1.00 (0.49–2.03)		8	1.38 (0.65–2.90)
	M2	9	0.67 (0.33–1.36)		8	1.22 (0.58–2.56)

Bold indicates p<0.05

Adjusted for age, state, applicator type, smoking status, body mass index, correlated pesticides

Categorized as ≤median or >median for 10–19 exposed cases and quartiles for ≥20 exposed cases