FIG 3.

EV-D68 strains differ in their glycan dependency for efficient infection. Cortical cells, Calu-3 cells and HEK293 isogenic cells are included in this figure. Cells were inoculated with Fermon, 2284, 742, or 947 (MOI of 1). The EV-D68 replication in cortical, Calu-3 and HEK293 cells is shown in Suppl Fig. 1. (A) Primary cortical cultures and (B) Calu-3 cells were treated with either neuraminidase or PDMP prior to inoculation. In another condition, the inoculum was treated with heparin. (C) The human isogenic cell lines that lack specific glycosyltransferases were inoculated with Fermon, 2284, 742, or 947 to evaluate the role of certain carbohydrate moieties in EV-D68 entry. Ns indicates not significant; * represents P ≤ 0.05; ** represents P ≤ 0.01; *** represents P ≤ 0.001; **** represents P ≤ 0.0001.