TABLE 1.
Microbiome exchange in plant-herbivore interactionsa
| Ecosystem | Plant species | Insect species/Feeding mode | Microbial species | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) | Needle midge (Contarinia pseudotsugae)/Internal (gall-making), needle chewing | Endophytic fungus (Rhabdocline parkeri) | 66 – 68 |
| Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)/External (spun needles), needle chewing | ||||
| Forest | White spruce | Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)/External (spun needles), chewing | Endophytic fungus (Phialocephala scopiformis) | 69 – 72 |
| Forest | Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) | Pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer)/External (needles), chewing | Endophytic fungi | 74 |
| Forest | Lodgepole pine (Pinus ponderosa) | Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Phloem endophyte (Bacillus pumilus) | 128 |
| Agriculture, Forest | Many plant species | >700 insect species | Endophytic fungus (Beauveria bassiana) | 93 |
| Agriculture, Forest | Many plant species | Several insect species | Endophytic bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) | 91 |
| Agriculture | Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) | Leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus)/External, sucking (sap) | Endophytic bacteria | 56 |
| Forest | Ash (Fraxinus spp.) | Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)/Internal (phloem, wood), chewing | Fungal and bacterial endophytes | 100 |
| Forest | Arizona pine (Pinus arizonica), Durango pine (Pinus durangensis) | Bark beetle (Dendroctonus rhizophagus)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Endophytic bacteria | 101 |
| Agriculture | Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) | Caterpillar (Vanessa cardui)/External (leaves), chewing | Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria and fungi | 106 |
| Forest | Conifers (several species) | Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Insect symbiotic fungi (Ophiostomatales) | 82 |
| Agriculture | Bittercress (Cardamine hirsute) | Leaf-mining fly (Scaptomyza nigrita)/Internal (leaf mining), chewing | Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria | 103 |
| Forest | Pinaceae | Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Insect symbiotic fungi | 81 |
| Forest | Mountain pine (Pinus contorta, Pinus contorta-Pinus banksiana) | Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Insect symbiotic bacteria (Pseudomonas and Rahnella) | 33 |
| Forest | Norway spruce (Picea abies) | European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus)/Internal (phloem), chewing | Insect symbiotic fungus (Ceratocystis polonica) | 87 |
a
Light grey, positive, dark grey, negative; white, neutral effect on host.