The Langmuir adsorption model parameters for the MB⁺ and MO⁻ adsorption process and the Gibbs free energy change in the adsorption process.

	Nanocomposite	q m (mg g−1)	K L (×105 L mol−1)	R 2	ΔG (K J mol−1)
MB+	Sol-TiO2	6.6	3.64	0.9038	−31.7
	hyd-TiO2	13.1	2.76	0.9887	−31.0
	Sol-WO3	31.2	31.82	0.9679	−37.1
	hyd-WO3	35.6	27.91	0.9279	−36.8
	5 wt% WO3/TiO2	38.7	5.55	0.9798	−32.9
	8 wt% WO3/TiO2	40.8	6.41	0.9684	−33.1
	10 wt% WO3/TiO2	38.5	7.63	0.9768	−33.6
	TiO2@WO3	55.8	5.94	0.9533	−33.0
	WO3@TiO2	39.0	4.34	0.9643	−32.2
MO−	Sol-TiO2	3.04	2.67	0.349	−31.0
	hyd-TiO2	1.62	2.85	0.7081	−31.1
	Sol-WO3	0.24	0.77	0.7724	−27.9
	hyd-WO3	0.23	0.79	0.7303	−27.9
	5 wt% WO3/TiO2	0.55	2.07	0.6907	−30.3
	8 wt% WO3/TiO2	0.39	1.09	0.8428	−28.7
	10 wt% WO3/TiO2	0.46	0.82	0.6463	−28.0
	TiO2@WO3	0.27	1.21	0.6739	−29.0
	WO3@TiO2	0.73	2.34	0.5965	−30.6