Table 1.

Risk of bias.

Study	Randomization adequate	Concealed allocation	Blind subjects	Blind therapists	Blind assessors	Was the drop-out rate described and acceptable?	Were all randomized participants analyzed in the group to which they were allocated?	Free of selective outcome reporting?	Similarity of baseline characteristics	Cointerventions avoided or similar	Compliance acceptable	Timing of the outcome assessments similar	Total risk of bias score
rTMS trials (N = 3)
Goh et al. (2020)	✓	–	–	?	–	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	7
Goh et al. (2019)	✓	–	–	?	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	7
Chung et al. (2020)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
tDCS trials
Zhou et al. (2014)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Wrightson et al. (2015)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Pineau et al. (2021)	✓	–	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	9
Zhou et al. (2015)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Manor et al. (2016)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Manor et al. (2018)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Schneider et al. (2021)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Schabrun et al. (2016)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Swank et al. (2016)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Mishra and Thrasher (2021)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Wong et al. (2022a,b)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10
Wong et al. (2022a,b)	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	10

✓ = yes; − = no; ? = unclear.