Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2023 Jan 5;80(3):650–658. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20081

Figure 2. Acute hemodynamic effects of graded levels of CPAP in awake patients with autonomic failure and supine hypertension (Protocol 1).

Figure 2.

Hemodynamic parameters are expressed as percent changes (Δ%) from baseline (CPAP 0) during increasing levels of CPAP (4, 8, 12 and 16 cm H2O for 3 minutes each). CPAP produced an acute dose-dependent decrease in stroke volume (A), cardiac output (B) and thoracic volume (C) with a concomitant increase in abdominal volume (F). Systemic vascular resistance (D) and heart rate (E) did not change significantly. Values are expressed as mean±SEM. P values for overall differences were analyzed by mixed-effects model. *P<0.05 versus baseline (CPAP 0) and †P<0.05 versus the preceding CPAP level, adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni.