Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients and all patients with or without acute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
| All patients (n = 366) | No AKI (n = 313) | AKI (n = 53) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 82.1 ± 5.9 | 81.8 ± 5.9 | 84.1 ± 5.4 | 0.007 |
| Female | 200 (54.6%) | 169 (54.0%) | 31 (58.5%) | 0.543 |
| Weight [kg] | 73.2 ± 15.3 | 73.8 ± 15.6 | 70.2 ± 13.0 | 0.118 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| STS-Score [%] | 7.4 ± 4.6 | 7.0 ± 4.5 | 9.8 ± 4.3 | 0.001 |
| NYHA class | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 0.192 |
| CCS class | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 0.095 |
| Atherosclerosis | 26 (73%) | 224 (71.6%) | 43 (81.1%) | 0.147 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 156 (42.6%) | 129 (41.2%) | 27 (50.9%) | 0.185 |
| Hypertension | 300 (82%) | 250 (79.9%) | 50 (94.3%) | 0.011 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 107 (29.2%) | 94 (30%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.415 |
| Smoking | 74 (20.2%) | 65 (20.8%) | 9 (17%) | 0.526 |
| Syncope | 62 (16.9%) | 53 (17.2%) | 8 (17%) | 0.976 |
| History of stroke/cerebral bleeding | 56 (15.3%) | 48 (15.3%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.964 |
| Pulmonary disease | 75 (20.5%) | 65 (20.8%) | 10 (18.9%) | 0.751 |
| Malignancy | 110 (30.1%) | 90 (28.8%) | 20 (37.7%) | 0.187 |
| Alcohol abuse | 9 (2.5%) | 8 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.000 |
| ACEI/sartan | 263 (71.9%) | 220 (73.8%) | 43 (81.1%) | 0.258 |
| Metformin | 5 (13.9%) | 47 (15%) | 4 (7.5%) | 0.147 |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Mean AV gradient [mmHg] | 42.2 ± 13.9 | 42.5 ± 13.8 | 40.1 ± 14.8 | 0.250 |
| AV opening area [cm2] | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.735 |
| Mitral valve insufficiency | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.157 |
| Ejection fraction [%] | 50.8 ± 10.3 | 51.0 ± 10.0 | 49.6 ± 12.1 | 0.357 |
| Baseline-creatinine [mg/dL] | 1.16 ± 0.44 | 1.10 ± 0.39 | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 0.001 |
| eGFR [mL/min] | 62.8 ± 22.7 | 65.4 ± 22.3 | 47.5 ± 19.1 | 0.001 |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min | 176 (48.1%) | 139 (44.4%) | 37 (69.8%) | 0.001 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||
| AKI post CT diagnostics | 22 (6.7%) | 13 (4.7%) | 9 (17.3%) | 0.003 |
| PCI | 177 (46.0%) | 144 (46.0%) | 33 (62.3%) | 0.029 |
| CT TAVI in different stays | 112 (30.6%) | 97 (31%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.694 |
| Coronary angiography on TAVI day | 125 (23.2%) | 100 (31.9%) | 25 (47.2%) | 0.031 |
| Contrast agent TAVI [mL] | 222.7 ± 88.1 | 219.9 ± 86.5 | 244.2 ± 95.3 | 0.055 |
| General anaesthesia | 86 (23.5%) | 68 (21.7%) | 18 (34%) | 0.052 |
| CRP max [mg/dL] | 61.7 ± 60.3 | 54.3 ± 53.5 | 105.2 ± 77.8 | 0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy after TAVI | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.7%) | 0.003 |
| Mortality | 8 (2.2%) | 3 (1%) | 5 (9.4%) | 0.002 |
| Hospital stay [days] | 13.9 ± 7.1 | 12.8 ± 5.7 | 20.4 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
| ICU stay [days] | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 0.010 |
| Pacemaker implantation necessary | 83 (22.7%) | 64 (20.4%) | 19 (35.8%) | 0.013 |
Data are given as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percent of all patients in group). ACEI — angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AV — aortic valve; CCS — Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CRP — C-reactive protein; CT — computed tomography; eGFR — estimated glomerular filtration ratio; ICU — intensive care unit; NYHA — New York Heart Association; PCI — percutaneous coronary intervention; STS-Score — Society of Thoracic Surgeons — Score for mortality