Figure 3. Poor air quality is associated with impaired visual cognition in infancy.

(A) Infants from households with better air quality (lower AQI scores) had higher visual working memory scores in year 1 (see dark purple line; N = 199) relative to effects in year 2 (pink line; N = 179). (B) Infants from households with better air quality (lower AQI scores) also had faster visual processing speeds (higher shift rates; N = 213). Dots in both panels show raw data, line indicates linear trend with the ribbon indicating the 95% confidence interval.