Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Reference | Country | Single/multicentre | Study type | Time frame | N total |
N I group |
N C group |
FU (mo), mean (SD)/median (IQR) | Age (yr), mean (SD)/median (IQR/range) | Stricture location, n (%) | Stricture length (cm), mean (SD)/median (IQR) | Stricture aetiology, n (%) | Primary/recurrent stricture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regmi (2018) [15] | Nepal | Single | Prospective RCT | 01/2015– 12/2017 |
60a | 27 | 28 | All had 6 mo of FU after termination of ISD | I: Mean (SD) = 37.2 (1.6) C: Mean (SD) = 36.0 yr (1.7) (p = 0.782) |
NR | I: Mean (SD) = 0.93 (0.33) C: Mean (SD) = 1.07 (0.32) (p = 0.973) |
I: Traumatic 12 (44.4); inflammatory 7 (25.9); other 8 (29.6) C: Traumatic 14 (50.0); inflammatory 5 (17.9); other 9 (32.1) |
NR |
| Ergün (2015) [12] | Turkey | Single | Prospective RCT | NR | 90 | 30 | 30 | All had 24 mo of FU after DVIU | Mean (range) = 59.6 (19–74) (I range: 60.7; C range: 61.2) |
Bulbomembranous | All ≤2 | I: Idiopathic 7 (23.3); iatrogenic 23 (76.7) C: Idiopathic 5 (16.7); Iatrogenic 25 (83.3) |
All primary |
| Yesil (2013) [16] | Turkey | Single | Prospective RCT | 2004–2007 | 41 | 22 | 19 | All had 36 mo of FU | I: Mean (SD) = 45.1 (8.8) C: Mean (SD) = 47.0 (8.8) (p = 0.47) |
Bulbar | All ≤1.5 | Instrumentation 12 (29); Trauma 3 (7); infection 7 (17); idiopathic 19 (46) | All primary |
| Gücük (2010) [13] | Turkey | Unclear | Prospective RCT | 03/2002– 02/2005 | 45 | 15 | 15 | Mean (SD) = 16.4 (2.97) | I: Mean (SD) = 31.2 (8.3) C: Mean (SD) = 35.2 (7.9) |
Bulbar | I: Mean (SD) = 8.3 (2.7) C: Mean (SD) = 8.3 (1.9) |
I: Trauma 4 (26.7); infection 2 (13.3); instrumentation 4 (26.7); idiopathic 5 (33.3) C: Trauma 5 (33.3); infection 2 (13.3); instrumentation 3 (20.0); idiopathic 5 (33.3) |
All primary |
| Hosseini (2008) [14] | Iran | Single | Prospective RCT | NR | 70b | 30 | 34 | All had 6 mo of FU after termination of ISD | I: Mean (SD) = 37.7 (17.1) C: Mean (SD) = 34.5 (13.3) |
NR | I: Mean (SD) = 0.85 (0.40) C: Mean (SD) = 0.90 (0.30) |
I: Urethral distraction 15 (50.6); straddle injury 4 (13.3); catheter 5 (16.7); other 6 (20.0) C: Urethral distraction 14 (41.2); straddle injury 8 (23.5); catheter 5 (16.7); other 7 (20.6) |
I: Prior urethroplasty 18 (60.0%) C: Prior urethroplasty 17 (50.0%) |
C = comparator; DVIU = direct vision internal urethrotomy; FU = follow-up; I = intervention; IQR = interquartile range; ISD = intermittent self-dilatation; NR = not reported; RCT = randomised controlled trial; SD = standard deviation.
a
Five patients were excluded post hoc because they were lost to follow-up.
b
Seventy patients were originally included; five were lost to follow-up in the intervention group, one was lost to follow-up in the comparator group, and thus 64 were eventually analysed.