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. 2023 Apr 8;9(4):e15330. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15330

Table 3.

The underlying reason for the high FAME yield obtained by thermally activating Zn5 at different temperatures.

Activation temp. (°C) Phase Reason for high FAME yields
≤80 1-phase system
Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2 		The acidity increases as the activation temperature rises.
90–140 2-phase system
Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2
ZnO		 Sufficiently higher ZnO content resulted in an increase in acidity.
170 3-phase system
Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2
ZnO
Zn3(OH)4(NO3)2 		Sufficiently higher ZnO content resulted in an increase in acidity.
Zn3(OH)4(NO3)2 exhibited no negative effects on the esterification activity.