Table 6.

Hierarchical linear regression analysis results of learning engagement.

	Factors	Adjusted R2	ΔR2	ΔF	SE	β	t
Learner characteristics	Interests	0.333	0.364	11.726***	0.103	0.536	3.922***
	Prior GPA				0.002	−0.239	−2.239
Pre-class behaviors	Post length	0.322	0.021	0.826	0	0.146	0.870
	Post quality				0.006	−0.230	−1.334
In-class behaviors	Interaction behaviors	0.394	0.094	3.323*	0.007	0.237	1.839
	Irrelevant behaviors				0.081	−0.207	−1.715

Note: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.