Table 2.

List of included studies

Year	1985	2013	2014	2015	2017
Author	Rapidis	Shen	Boffano	Kale	Zhou
Type of study	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Case Control
Year of data collection	1971–1980	2005–2010	2001–2010	2008–2013	2000–2009
Sample size	52	39	21	11	25-Case group 869-Control group
Unilateral/Bilateral	3-bilateral	10-bilateral	Not mentioned	2-bilateral	All unilateral
Associated fractures	12-isolated coronoid process fracture 23-mandibular fracture 10-ZMC fracture 2-LeFort II fracture 4-alveolar fracture	4-isolated coronoid process fracture 17-mandibular 18-midface	11-mandibular 16-midface fractures 1-frontal bone	1-Lefort II 7-mandibular 3-zygomatic arch	7-mandibular fractures 23-midface fractures 8-dental injuries 1-isolated coronoid process
Age	14–89 years	22–58 years	19–77 years	28–55 years	17–56 years
M/F	40-M 12-F	26-M 13-F	16-M 5-F	9-M 2-F	21-M 4-F
Etiology	38-RTA 10-assault 4-other	not mentioned	7-RTA 6-Assaults 6-Fall 2-Sports Injury	11-RTA	17-RTA 3-Assault 3-Fall
Treatment	44-IMF for up to 4 weeks 2-ORIF and Transosseous wiring 6-no treatment	16-conservative management with IMF for 1-2 weeks 23-Surgical management	All were treated with conservative management (observation or IMF not specified)	6-Conservative management using IMF for 3 to 4 weeks 5-ORIF	19-Coronoidectomy 5-Conservative management modality not specified 1-Declined treatment
Follow up	not mentioned	12–60 months	not mentioned	6 months	Not mentioned
Complications	Not mentioned	4-Jacob's disease 6-mandibular deviation towards fractured site on opening at the end of 1 wk., corrected at the end of 1-3 m 2-weakness in eye closure at the end of 1 wk., recovered 1–3 m later 1-air leakage when blowing cheek at end of 1wk, corrected 1–3 m later	Not mentioned	No complications	Not mentioned