Table 2.
Diabetes mellitus and clinical characteristics associated with poor TB treatment outcomes among participants with drug susceptible TB from Ethiopia.
| Patients Characteristics | TB treatment outcome |
Crude estimates |
Adjusted estimatesa |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Successful n = 251 (94.0%) | Poor n = 16 (6.0%) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| DM status | ||||
| TB only | 232 (96.3) | 9 (3.7) | Ref | Ref |
| TBDMb | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 9.5 (3.2 – 28.3) *** | 14.8 (3.5 – 62.7) *** |
| Age Group | ||||
| 18–35 years | 149 (96.1) | 6 (3.9) | Ref | Ref |
| 35–44 years | 52 (94.5) | 3 (5.5) | 1.4 (0.6 – 5.9) | 1.0 (0.2 – 5.7) |
| Above 45 years | 50 (87.7) | 7 (12.3) | 3.5 (1.1 – 10.8)* | 2.0 (0.5 – 8.3) |
| BMI (n = 250) | ||||
| Less than 18.5 | 115 (95.8) | 5 (4.2) | 0.6 (0.2 – 2.0) | 1.0 (0.2 – 4.2) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 116 (93.5) | 8 (6.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Above 25 | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 2.3 (0.6 – 9.4) | 1.8 (0.3 – 10.6) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 136 (95.1) | 7 (4.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 115 (92.7) | 9 (7.3) | 1.5 (0.5 – 4.2) | 2.0 (0.4 – 10.3) |
| TB disease category | ||||
| Smear negative PTB | 117 (98.3) | 2 (1.7) | Ref | Ref |
| Smear positive PTB | 56 (87.5) | 8 (12.5) | 8.4 (1.7 – 40.6) ** | 16.4 (2.3 –119.3)** |
| EPTB | 78 (92.9) | 6 (7.1) | 4.5 (0.9 – 22.9) | 9.7 (1.3 – 73.1) * |
| HIV | ||||
| Negative | 205 (94.5) | 12 (5.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Positive | 48 (92.0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.5 (0.5 – 4.8) | 3.0 (0.7 – 13.4) |
| Other NCDs | ||||
| No | 234 (95.1) | 12 (4.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 17 (81.0) | 4 (19.0) | 4.6 (1.3 – 15.8) * | 5.3 (1.0 – 28.0) * |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 210 (93.8) | 14 (6.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Ever | 41 (95.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0.7 (0.2 – 3.3) | 0.3 (0.03 – 2.5) |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Never | 174 (94.6) | 10 (5.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Ever | 77 (92.8) | 6 (7.2) | 1.4 (0.5 – 3.9) | 3.0 (0.5 –18.6) |
a Adjusted logistic regression model included all variables listed in rows in Table 2.
bParticipants with diabetes at baseline (n = 24) or diagnosed during TB treatment (n = 2). TB only included those with prediabetes at baseline and those with no diabetes.
Star (*) referred level of statistical significance (P-value); *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.
Other NCDs include high blood pressure– cholesterol– heart disease– renal disease and liver disease (Hepatitis).
TBDM referred for patients diagnosed for both Tuberculosis and diabetes.
TB disease category was based on basline sputum smear result performed before TB treatment initiation.