Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 12;11:1150030. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150030

Table 5.

Comparison of means, and their change per item of the Teamwork scale between countries (N = 100).

Item Germany training (n = 18) Portugal training (n = 32) Turkey training (n = 39) Norway training (n = 11)
Mean score after training (±SD) Mean Changea Mean score after training (±SD) Mean Changea Mean score after training (±SD) Mean Changea Mean score after training (±SD) Mean Changea
1. The team leader let the team know what was expected of them through direction and command 0.333 (±0.97) +0.29 3.625 (±0.61) +0.49 3.538 (±0.82) +0.07 3.909 (±0.30) +0.49
2. The team leader maintained a global perspective 0.500 (±1.15) +0.45 3.625 (±0.71) +0.41 3.385 (±0.91) +0.17 3.909 (±0.30) +0.41
3. The team communicated effectively 2.556 (1.381) +2.18 3.68 (±0.54) +0.29 3.462 (±0.85) +0.19 3.818 (±0.40) +0.40
4. The team worked together to complete the tasks in a timely manner 2.647 (±1.498) +2.31 3.844 (±0.45) +0.52 3.615 (±0.67) +0.39 3.727 (±0.47) +0.31
5. The team acted with composure and control 2.222 (±1.396) +1.93 3.875 (±0.34) +0.55 3.333 (±0.74) +0.47 3.909 (±0.30) +0.58
6. The team morale was positive 2.111 (±1.491) +1.77 3.875 (±0.42) +0.44 3.667 (±0.62) +0.28 3.909 (±0.30) +0.33
7. The team adapted to changing situations 2.278 (±1.526) +1.94 3.938 (±0.25) +0.75 3.667 (±0.66) +0.67 3.909 (±0.30) +0.58
8. The team monitored and reassessed the situation 2.167 (±1.505) +1.83 3.781 (±0.42) +0.67 3.513 (±0.64) +0.42 3.909 (±0.30) +0.74
9. The team anticipated potential actions 1.889 (±1.568) +1.55 3.688 (±0.47) +0.53 3.615 (±0.67) +0.42 3.818 (±0.40) +0.32
10. The team prioritized tasks 2.722 (±1.364) +2.38 3.844 (±0.45) +0.60 3.625 (±0.54) +0.75 3.818 (±0.40) +0.49
11. The team followed approved standards and guidelines 2.444 (±1.294) +2.11 3.750 (±0.44) +0.39 3.462 (±0.68) +0.56 3.455 (±0.52) +0.29
12. Global rating of the team’s non-technical performance (1–10 scale) 5.278 (±2.906) +4.51 8.656 (±1.771) +1.44 8.795 (±1.031) +5.82 9.091 (±0.701) +1.76

aChange in mean score was computed by subtracting the mean score prior to training from the one after the training; bScale is 0–4 for questions 1–11. For question 12, scale is from 1–10.