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DAMPs, PAMPs, and their corresponding PRRs.
| PRR | PAMPs | DAMPs | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLRs | Viruses, bacteria, fungi | HMGB1, mRNA, microRNAs | 112 |
| CLRs | Fungi | F‐actin, β‐glucosylceramide | 113 |
| RLRs | Viruses | Endogenous 5′ppp RNA, endogenous retroviral RNA | 114 |
| CDSs | Microbial DNA | Cytoplasmic DNA, damaged DNA | 115 , 116 |
| NLRs | Viruses, bacteria, fungi | MSU, glucose, cholesterol crystals, Aβ, ATP | 117 |
