Table 1.
Effects of TCM prescriptions on neurological conditions and adult neurogenesis.
| Prescription | Composition | Animals/cell types | Outcome measurement | Aspects of behaviors/function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buyang Huanwu decoction | Hedysari Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Pheretima. | Male ICR mice were subjected to an acute ischemic stroke by inducing a middle cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (CIR) injury | cerebral cortex:↑MAP-2+/BrdU+ at day 7 and day 14 after stroke. | ↑ Brain function, ameliorated the cerebral infarction, and significantly improved the neurological deficits | Wang et al. (2011) |
| A rat model of cerebral ischemia by MCAO | Cerebral cortex, SGZ and SVZ:↑BrdU+/MAP2+ | Not given | Liu et al. (2013) | ||
| cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury ICR mouse model | SGZ and SVZ: ↑DCX+ | ↑Locomotor activity and behavior response in a novel open field | Chen H. J. et al. (2015) | ||
| Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats MCAO ischemic | DG: ↑DCX+ ↑GFAP/BrdU-positive cells | ↑Learning function but not memory functions by Water maze test | Chen et al. (2020) | ||
| C17.2 neural stem cells | ↑BrdU+, nestin+ in the NSCs ↑Tuj1+ and GFAP+ | Cell | Chen et al. (2020) | ||
| cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury | cerebral cortex: ↑BrdU+/DCX +, BrdU+/NeuN+ | ↑Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the corner test | Zhuge et al. (2020) | ||
| Danggui-Jakyak-San | Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Cnidii Rhizoma, and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. | Male C57BL/6 mice (22–26 g, 7 weeks) bilateral common carotid artery occluded ischemia (BCCAO) | DG: ↑Ki67, DCX+, BrdU+, ↑BrdU+/ NeuN+; ↑BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+ /GFAP+ | ↑ Spatial memory in the Morris water maze | Song et al. (2013) |
| Tongxinluo | Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Hirudo，Scorpio, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Cicadae Periostracum，Eupolyphaga Steleophaga, Scolopendra, Santali Albi Lignum, Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, Olibanum，Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Borneolum. | male Sprague–Dawley rats receive permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) | ipsilateral thalamus:7 days: ↑BrdU+, Nestin+14 days: ↑BrdU+, Nestin+, BrdU+/ Nestin+, BrdU+/NeuN+ | ↑Neurological function (Bederson scores) without reducing infarction volume (Nissl staining) | Chen L. et al. (2014) |
| The MCAO model in the hypertensive rats | SVZ: ↑BrdU+/NeuN+ cells, BrdU+ /DCX+ | ↑Neurological Function (Bederson scores) | Chen et al. (2016) | ||
| Danggui-Shaoyao-San | Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma. | Female Sprague–Dawley rats MCAO was induced by intraluminal occlusion for 90 min with a nylon monofilament suture | SVZ: ↑ DCX+, BrdU+/DCX+ | Improved Neurological deficits (body posture and sensorimotor integration) motor deficits also improved based on The elevated body swing test | Ren et al. (2015) |
| Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) | Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus. | Male Sprague–Dawley rats, create the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMACO) | ipsilateral cortex:Alkaloids: ↑BrdU+,BrdU+/MAP2+ iridoids:↑BrdU+,BrdU+/MAP2+ flavonoids:↑BrdU+/MAP2+、↓BrdU+/GFAP+ | ↑Bederson scores and motor coordination (Beam walking test) | Zou et al. (2016) |
| Huatuo Zaizao pill | Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Borneol, Euodiae Fructus, Carthami Flos, angelicae Sinensis Radix. | Male Sprague–Dawley rats with Cerebral I/R model | peri-infarct regions of cortex of rats:↑ EdU+ /NeuN+ | ↑Cylinder test (assessed forelimb use asymmetry) Beam-walking test (coordination and integration of motor movements) and Adhesive (assess the sensorimotor deficit) | Duan et al. (2017) |
| Ginseng-Angelica-Shanseng-Pulvis (GASP) | Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex. | Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with permanent MCAO | SVZ: 4.6 or 9.2 g/kg:↑Ki67+ SGZ:2.3 g/kg:↓DCX+, ↑DCX+/NeuN+, GFAP+, Nestin+ 4.6 or 9.2 g/kg:↑DCX+, DCX+/NeuN+, GFAP+, Nestin+ | ↑Sensorimotor functions (Basket Test and Adhesive Removal Test) and Recognition Memory (novel object recognition test); Cerebral Blood Flow and Infarction Volume | Liu et al. (2019) |
| Gualou Guizhi decoction | Trichosanthis Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Jujubae Fructus. | Sprague Dawley rats；Transient MCAO surgery | SVZ: ↑BrdU+, DCX+,BrdU+/DCX+, Striatum: ↑BrdU+/GFAP+ | ↓ The modified neurological severity score and the balance beam score a lower percentage of foot faults | Han et al. (2018) |
| Sanhua Decoction (SHD) | Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. | Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats; MCAO | SVZ: ↑BrdU+,BrdU+/DCX+ | ↓ Neurological Deficit Scores | Fu et al. (2020) |
| Yi-nao-jie-yu prescription (YNJYP) | Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Cauls, Curcumae Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma. | Sprague–Dawley rats; Combined MCAO and Depression Model | DG: ↑BrdU+ /NeuN+ DG: ↓BrdU+/GFAP+ | ↓ The immobility time of forced swim test ↑ increased the sucrose preference | Tian et al. (2018) |
| Jieyu Anshen granule (JY) | Bupleuri Radix, Jujubae Fructus, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Tritici Levis Fructus, Polygalae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Lilii Bulbus, Arisaema Cum Bile, Curcumae Radix, Dragon’s Teeth, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Poria, Angelicae Sinensis Radix. | Sprague–Dawley rats:MCAO + CUMS (MCAO, then CUMS for 18 days | DG: ↑ BrdU+/NeuN+ | ↑Open-field and sucrose preference tests, in beam-walking, cylinder, grip strength, and water maze tests | Du et al. (2020) |
| modified “Shengyu” decoction (MSD) | Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Myrrha, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix. | Sprague–Dawley rats with TBI | Cortex, CA1, CA3,and DG:↑BrdU+/Nestin+ | ↑Neurological functions by beam balance and prehensile traction tests | Chen M. M. et al. (2015) |
| MLC901 | Astragali Radix, Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Carthami Flos, Persica Prunus, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. | Male Sprague–Dawley rats with TBI | DG: ↑BrdU+ | ↑Modified version of object recognition task called the “what-where-when” test | Quintard et al. (2014) |
| Kami-ondam-tang | Pinelliae Rhizoma, Bambusae Caulis, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus, Poria, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Polygalae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Jujubae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma. | Male ICR mice | DG: ↑ DCX+ | ↑Step through latency in the retention trial of the passive avoidance task | Hong et al. (2011) |
| Xiaochaihutang | Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Ginseng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Jujubae Fructus. | Kunming mice | DG(HRG): ↑Ki-67+,DCX+ | ↓Immobility duration in Tail suspension test and Forced Swim. the latency in Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test ↑ immobility latency in Forced Swim Test. | Zhang et al. (2015) |
| Mice were injected subcutaneously with CORT (40 mg/kg) dissolved in sesame oil for 35 days. | DG:XCHT (2.3,7,21 g/kg):↑Ki-67 + XCHT (7,21 g/kg):↑Ki-67+, DCX+ | ↑Weight, the coat state, the escape behavior in open field test and elevated plus maze, immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test. | Zhang et al. (2016) | ||
| Male C57 BL/6 J mice were reared isolated for 8 weeks | DG:XCHT (2.3 g/kg):↑Ki-67 + XCHT (7.0 g/kg):↑Ki-67+, BrdU+, DCX+ | ↑ Immobility time in TST and FST, OFT and EPM, aggressive behaviors of SI-reared mice. | Ma C. L. et al. (2017) and Ma J. et al. (2017) | ||
| Chaihu Shugan San | Bupleuri Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Cyperi Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. | perimenopausal rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). | DG:2 g/kg CSS:↑ DCX+ | ↑ The sucrose preference. ↓immobility time of the forced swimming test. | Chen et al. (2018) |
| C57BL/6 mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). | DG: ↑BrdU+, NeuN+/BrdU+ | ↑Sucrose preference ↓immobility time in the TST and FST | Zhang et al. (2021) | ||
| Kaixinsan | Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. | Cortical and hippocampal neurons, from SD rat embryos at days of 18 | KXS2012 in DIV 5 of cortical neurons: ↑synaptic vesicle protein, synaptotagmin KXS2012 in DIV 15 of cortical neurons: ↑the dendritic spine density;↑synaptotagmin expression | ↑Sucrose preference; cumulative immobility time of forced swimming test; open field tests | Yan et al. (2016) |
| male Sprague–Dawley rats；CMS rat models of depression | Functional analysis: differentially expressed proteins participate in synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurogenesis | ↑Sucrose consumption and body weight | Dong et al. (2020) | ||
| kami-shoyo-san | Paeoniae Radix; Bupleuri Radix; Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma; Liriopis Tuber; Angelicae Gigantis Radix; Hoelen; Menthae Folium; Glycyrrhizae Radix; Zingiberis Rhizome. | Sprague–Dawley rats; Immobilization stress for 21 days (Stress group) | DG (KSS 20X):↑ BrdU+ | ↓Immobility times compared to the control group. | Park et al. (2007) |
| Jiaweisinisan | Bupleurum, Peony Root, Citrus Aurantium, Medlar, Gardenia, Rehmanniae, Abalone. | a stress damage model was established with 120 μM corticosterone | ↑BrdU+ ↓BrdU+/TUNEL+ | Cell | Wu et al. (2013) |
| Wistar rats weighing;6-week Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model | DG: ↑BrdU+/DCX+ | ↑Sucrose preference, locomotion activity level and accuracy of T-maze, as well as increased immobility time | Wang H. Z. et al. (2021) and Wang J. et al. (2021) | ||
| Wuling Capsule | Wuling | Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to3-week CMS to induce depression | DG: ↑ BrdU+ | ↑Sucrose preference | Li et al. (2010) |
| Kososan | Cyperi Rhizoma, Perillae Herba, Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma | Male C57BL/6 J were exposed to 10 min of social defeat stress from an aggressive CD-1 mouse for 10 consecutive days (days 1–10). | DG: ↑BrdU+/DCX+ | ↑Social avoidance, depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, | Ito et al. (2017) |
| Ninjinyoeito | Rehmannia Root, Japanese Angelica Root, Atractylodes Rhizome, Poria Sclerotium, Ginseng, Cinnamon Bark, Polygala Root, Peony Root, Citrus Unshiu Peel, Astragalus Root, Glycyrrhiza, Schisandra Fruit. | C57BL6 mice were administered CORT (100 mg/m) in place of drinking water for 14 days ， Animal were weaned with 50 mg/ml CORT for 3 days and then with 25 mg/ml CORT for 3 days to allow for gradual recovery of endogenous corticosterone secretion. | DG: ↑Ki67, DCX+ | ↓ Immobility and latency to immobility of the tail suspension; ↑ the latency to immobility of the forced swim test; sucrose consumption rate; spontaneous alternations with Y-maze test; spent more time with the novel object | Murata et al. (2018) |
| NPCs from the adult mouse hippocampus;NPCs were cultured for 72 h in the presence of 20 mM CORT | ↑BrdU+ in a dose dependent manner | Cell | Murata et al. (2018) | ||
| Jie Yu Chu Fan (JYCF) capsule | Gardeniae Fructus, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Pinelliae Rhizome, Forsythiae Fructus. | C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the following mild stressors for 5 weeks (CUMS) | DG: ↑Ki-67+, NeuN+, MAP-2+ | ↑Weight; the number of crossings of open field test; sucrose preference; ↓ immobility time of the forced swim test | Ji et al. (2020) |
| Zhengtian capsule (ZTC) | Spatholobi Caulis, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Angelica Dahuricae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, | Kunming (KM) mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) | DG: ↑BrdU+, ↑GAD67+, DCX+, BrdU+/DCX+ | ↑The crossing numbers and the grooming numbers; coordination and balance of exercise | Yang et al. (2020) |
| Fuzhisan | Ginseng, Baical, Acorus Talarinowi Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix. | Eight-month-old male SAMP-8 | SGZ: ↑BrdU+, PCAN+ | ↓The average escape latency, ↑The number of crossings of the platform location | Yang et al. (2011) |
| Yokukansan (YKS) | Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, Poria Sclerotium, Cnidium Rhizome, Angelica Radix, Uncaria Uncis Cum Ramulus, Bupleurum Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix | Male SAMP8 mice at 5 months of age | DG: ↑ BrdU+ | ↓The escape latency and the swimming path length | Azuma et al. (2018) |
| Herbal formula PM012 | Lycii Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Radix, Hoelen, Alismatis Radix, Mountain Cortex Radices. | 3xTg mice carrying a mutant APP (KM670/671NL), a human mutant PS1 (M146V) knock-in and tau (P301L) transgenes [B6;129-Psen1tm1Mpm Tg(APPSwe,tauP301L)1Lfa/J] mice | CA1 and DG: PM012 (100 mg): ↑BrdU+/NeuN+. PM012 (400 mg):↑DCX+, BrdU+/NeuN+ | ↓ Escape latencies， increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. | Ye et al. (2016) |
| Jowiseungchungtang (JWS) | Coicis Semen, Castaneae Semen, Raphani Semen, Longanae Arillus, Liriopis Tuber, Platycodi Radix, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Thujae Semen, Zizyphi Semen, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Ephedrae Herba, Schisandrae Fructus, Amomi Semen, Polygalae Radix. | 5XFAD mice have mutations in the APP SweK670N/M671L, LonV717I, and FloI716V) and PSEN1 (M146L and L286V) genes regulated by the Thy1 promoter. | DG: ↑Ki-67+, DCX+ | Not given | Shin et al. (2018) |
| Shenzao jiannao oral liquid (SZJN) | Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，Ziziphi Spinosae Semen， Celastrus Orbiculatus Thunb，Epimedii Folium，Rehmanniae Radix，Gastrodiae Rhizoma，Chrysanthemi Flos，Zingiberis Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. | Kunming mice (half-male and half-female); AD mouse model caused by a combination of Aβ42 and scopolamine | DG: ↑BrdU+, Nestin+ cortex and DG: ↑NeuN+ | ↑ The learning and memory abilities of Morris water maze test | Xiao et al. (2020) |
| NSCs were obtained from hippocampal tissues of neonatal C57BL/6 mice； transfect NSCs with APP695swe and GFP genes | 32 mg/ml of SZJN promote NSCs proliferation | Cell | Xiao et al. (2020) |