. 2023 Mar 24;102(6):102670. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102670

Table 6.

Effect of fermented products on broiler intestinal gene expression.

Item		Treatment¹
	Gene²	CON	ENM	SFP	LFP	SEM³	P-value⁴
Duodenum	CAT	1.02^ab	1.08^ab	1.53^a	0.43^b	0.13	0.009
	SOD	1.08^b	0.63^c	1.38^a	0.95^b	0.07	<0.001
	MUC2	1.17^a	0.76^b	0.81^ab	0.79^ab	0.06	0.033
	ZO-1	1.00	1.08	0.99	1.08	0.03	0.583
	OCLN	0.98^a	1.13^a	0.77^b	0.98^a	0.04	<0.001
	CLDN	1.05	0.59	0.93	0.83	0.07	0.088
Jejunum	CAT	0.73^b	1.78^ab	2.78^a	0.35^b	0.11	0.002
	SOD	1.00^ab	0.40^b	1.17^a	1.14^a	0.11	0.018
	MUC2	1.01^b	1.07^b	0.91^b	2.45^a	0.17	<0.001
	ZO-1	0.90^b	1.98^ab	1.38^ab	2.23^a	0.17	0.016
	OCLN	0.92^b	2.09^ab	2.38^a	2.29^a	0.20	0.015
	CLDN	1.19^b	1.80^b	2.86^a	1.45^b	0.17	<0.001
Ileum	CAT	1.11^b	0.68^b	1.90^a	0.57^b	0.13	<0.001
	SOD	1.05	2.04	3.06	2.35	0.33	0.198
	MUC2	1.23	1.10	1.40	1.00	0.07	0.164
	ZO-1	1.00^b	1.97^a	1.21^b	1.53^ab	0.12	0.006
	OCLN	1.04^ab	1.34^ab	0.92^b	1.50^a	0.08	0.015
	CLDN	0.84	1.70	1.55	1.61	0.18	0.320
Cecum	CAT	0.98^b	2.11^a	1.53^ab	1.75^ab	0.14	0.009
	SOD	1.00^b	1.59^ab	2.26^ab	2.89^a	0.26	0.049
	MUC2	0.90^ab	0.96^ab	0.71^b	1.22^a	0.06	0.016
	ZO-1	0.89^b	1.47^a	0.91^ab	1.10^ab	0.08	0.035
	OCLN	0.80^b	1.46^a	1.34^a	0.82^b	0.083	<0.001
	CLDN	1.15^b	1.43^ab	2.01^a	0.97^ab	0.12	0.007

CON = Basal diet; ENM = Basal diet supplemented with enramycin; SFP = Basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis–fermented products; LFP = Basal diet supplemented with B. licheniformis–fermented products.

CAT = catalase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; MUC2 = mucin 2; ZO-1 = zonula occludens-1; OCLN = occludin; CLDN = claudin.

SEM = standard error of means.

⁴

P-value was obtained by ANOVA.

^a-c

Mean values in the row without identical superscripted letters are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). Mean value representing results from 5 replicate cages per treatment (n = 5) except SOD in duodenum and CAT in cecum (n = 4)