Table 5.
Endurance athletes intentions to consume carbohydrate around exercise measured as the level of agreement using a three point Likert scale from eat less to eat more, for athletes with (n = 87) or without (n = 26) exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
| Athletes with Ex-GISa n, (%) | Athletes without Ex-GISa n, (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timing of carbohydrate consumption around endurance exercise | Total, n | Less CHOb | Same CHO | More CHO | Assocc between intention to consume CHO, x2(p) | Total, n | Less CHO | Same CHO | More CHO | Assoc. between intention to consume CHO, x2(p) | Assoc. between athletes with and without Ex-GIS, and intention to consume CHO, x2(p) |
| 1–2 days before exercise | 87 | 1 (1) | 24 (28) | 62 (71) | 0.1 (1) | 26 | 0 (0) | 8 (31) | 18 (69) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8) |
| Before exercise | 87 | 8 (9) | 19 (22) | 60 (69) | 1 (0.6) | 26 | 0 (0) | 10 (39) | 16 (61) | 1.2 (0.2) | 4.7 (0.1) |
| During exercise | 87 | 6 (7) | 11 (13) | 70 (80) | 1.4 (0.6) | 26 | 1 (4) | 8 (31) | 17 (65) | 2.5 (0.2) | 4.8 (0.1) |
| After exercise | 87 | 6 (7) | 28 (32) | 53 (61) | 0.1 (1) | 26 | 2 (8) | 10 (38) | 14 (54) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.8) |
Ex-GIS, exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
CHO, carbohydrate.
Assoc, association.
d, day; n, number; p, probability; x2, chi-square statistic; Less CHO, athletes plan to eat less CHO around endurance exercise; Same CHO, athletes plan to eat the same amount of CHO around endurance exercise; More CHO, athletes plan to eat more CHO around endurance exercise; Timing defined as: 1–2 d before exercise = 1–2 days before an event ≥90 min; Before exercise = in last meal or snack before endurance training or an event ≥90 min; During exercise = during endurance training or an event ≥60 min; After exercise = within 30 min after endurance exercise when there is ≤8 h between sessions.