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. 2023 Apr 12;10:1124648. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1124648

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Copyright © 2023 Liu, Su, Chen, Xiao, Zhao, Wang, Peng and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of participant screening based on the NHANES database for the relationship between COPD and VE from 2013–2018. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.