Table 1.
Baseline information, weighted.
| Characteristic | COPD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | No | Yes | p value | |
| N | 4706 | 4551 | 155 | |
| Age, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 20–40 years | 37.5 | 38.8 | 3.1 | |
| 40–60 years | 37.5 | 37.3 | 41.7 | |
| >60 years | 25.0 | 23.9 | 55.2 | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 52.3 | 52.4 | 51.3 | 0.805 |
| Female | 47.7 | 47.6 | 48.7 | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.010 | |||
| Mexican america | 9.1 | 9.4 | 2.8 | |
| Other races | 14.3 | 14.5 | 7.1 | |
| Non-hispanic white | 65.4 | 64.6 | 84.8 | |
| Non-hispanic black | 11.3 | 11.5 | 5.2 | |
| Marriage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Married/living with a partner | 62.1 | 62.5 | 52.1 | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 18.9 | 18.0 | 42.5 | |
| Never married | 19.0 | 19.5 | 5.4 | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| <High school | 14.8 | 14.3 | 26.4 | |
| High school | 21.9 | 21.7 | 29.3 | |
| >High school | 63.3 | 64.0 | 44.2 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.22 ± 7.16 | 29.19 ± 7.12 | 30.05 ± 8.19 | 0.321 |
| Hdl, mg/dL | 53.24 ± 16.31 | 53.35 ± 16.21 | 50.30 ± 18.59 | 0.155 |
| TC, mg/dL | 190.77 ± 41.36 | 190.95 ± 41.26 | 185.88 ± 43.90 | 0.361 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 124.95 ± 90.04 | 123.73 ± 89.26 | 157.74 ± 103.98 | 0.012 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 113.11 ± 29.58 | 113.36 ± 29.57 | 106.45 ± 29.36 | 0.064 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%) | 5.62 ± 0.95 | 5.60 ± 0.94 | 6.03 ± 1.14 | 0.001 |
| VEintake, mg/day | 8.66 ± 5.52 | 8.72 ± 5.55 | 7.10 ± 4.39 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 56.4 | 57.9 | 15.7 | |
| Yes | 43.6 | 42.1 | 84.3 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 85.9 | 86.7 | 64.5 | |
| Yes | 14.1 | 13.3 | 35.3 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 59.9 | 60.9 | 31.3 | |
| Yes | 40.1 | 39.1 | 68.2 | |
Mean ± standard error (SE) for continuous variables, percentages (%) for categorical variables. BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TC, Total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VEintake; vitamin E intake； COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.