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. 2023 Apr 13;27:216–230. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.021

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Immunohistological analysis and in vivo neovascularization and osteogenesis in rat calvarial defect model. a) H & E staining, b) toluidine blue staining, and c) Masson's trichrome staining of the empty bone defects and defects implanted with 3D-printed scaffolds. d) Immunohistochemical staining of ALP and CD31 proteins in the empty bone defects and defects implanted with 3D-printed scaffolds. Quantitative analysis of in vivo e) ALP and f) CD31 fluorescence intensity in the defect sites. (*: p < 0.05).