Table 2.

Physical examination of hypertensive children and adolescents for underlying diseases and additional cardiovascular risk factors.

Assessment of	Including
Anthropometry	– Height, weight, waist circumference – Calculation of body mass index
Cardiovascular status	– Blood pressure on upper right arm (see Chapter 1), interpreted by age, sex, and height (link to office BP calculator: https://hyperchildnet.eu/blood-pressure-calculator/) – Pulse – Blood pressure on arms and legs and pulse on lower limbs at first evaluation
Physical status	– General aspects (e.g., growth, edema, habitus, syndromic appearance) – Skin changes (e.g., acanthosis nigricans, café-au-lait spots, neurofibroma) – Eye (e.g., cataract, proptosis) – Abdomen (e.g., mass, hepatosplenomegaly) – Neurological (e.g., cranial nerves, hemiplegia) – Cardiovascular (e.g., femoral pulses, bruit, tachycardia) – Genitalia (e.g., virilisation)