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. 2023 Apr 12;14:1102465. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1102465

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Copyright © 2023 Wagner, Pehar, Yan and Kulka.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AME-1 significantly increases production of various cytokines. HMC3 were stimulated with 1 µg/mL LPS, 0.5 µg/mL poly(I:C), 0.5 µg/mL substance P (SP), or left untreated (UT) for 24 h. Cell free supernatants were collected and analyzed via electrochemiluminsescent analysis for (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-4, (C) IL-6, (D) IL-8, (E) IL-10, (F) IL-12p70, (G) IL-22, (H) IFN-γ, (I) CCL2 and, (J) TNF release. Data presented as mean ± SEM for n = 3. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***), p ≤ 0.0001 (****).