Table 1.
Summary of different methods of iGEM teams of pesticides degradation.
| Team (year) | Chassis | Gene (source) | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Team: METU_Turkey (2013) [103] | B. subtilis | CYG6G1 (Drosophila melanogaster) | degrade imidacloprid into 4, 5-hydroxyimidacloprid |
| sacB secretion label | secrete protein into bee intestines | ||
| Team: British_Columbia (2015) [104] | E.coli | CYG6G1, CYP2D6, CYP6CM1 (Drosophila melanogaster) | metabolize imidacloprid |
| Cch2 (Bradyrhizobiaceae SG-6C) | convert 6-CNA into harmless intermediate harmless intermediate | ||
| Team: Goettingen (2018) [105] | B. subtilis | GAT (Bacillus licheniformis) | glyphosateN-acetyltransferase, degrading glyphosate |
| aroA (Salmonella typhimurium) | ESPS enzyme, having tolerance to glyphosate | ||
| Team: UIUC_Illinois (2019) [106] | E.coli | glpA (Pseudomonas Pseudomallei) | phosphorylate glyphosate to reduce its toxicity to cells. |
| glpB (Pseudomonas Pseudomallei) | glyphosate oxidoreductase, decomposing glyphosate into AMPA by C–N bond cleavage | ||
| Team: CSL_Pittsburgh (2019) [107] | E.coli | CYP6AY1 (brown plant hopper) | metabolize imidacloprid |
| signal peptide pelB | target the protein to the periplasm of Escherichia coli | ||
| Team: Waterloo (2019) [108] | B.diazoefficiens | LibA (Variovorax sp. Strain SRS16) | converse linuron to 3,4-DCA |
| Nat1 (Mesorhizobium loti) | converse 3,4-DCA to N-acetyl-3,4-DCA | ||
| Team: XMU-China (2020) [109] | E.coli | phnE1, phnE2 (Sinorhizobium meliloti) | phosphonate acid transporter, transporting organophosphorus across the membrane |
| phnO (Salmonella typhimurium) | aminoalkylphosphonate N-acetyl-transferase, derivatizing AMPA into glyphosate analog | ||
| phnJ (Enterobacter cloacae) | C–P lyase, degrading organophosphorus to small molecule | ||
| Team: USP-Brazil (2021) [110] | micro-tomato | CYG6G1 (Drosophila melanogaster) | degrade imidacloprid into 4, 5-hydroxyimidacloprid |
| pLAT52 promoter | ensure CYG6G1 only can be expressed in pollen tissue | ||
| Team: Concordia-Montreal (2022) [111] | Cyanobacteria | oph (Pseudomonas putida strain HM01) | hydrolyzes organophosphorus compounds, phosphonic and phosphinic acids using divalent cations as cofactors |
| opdB (Burkholderia sp. FDS-1) | organophosphorus hydrolase which can degrade multiple pesticides, especially fenitrothion |