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. 2023 Apr 10;8(2):314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.009

Table 1.

Summary of metabolic engineering strategies for bacitracin production in B. licheniformis.

Strains and genotypes Strategies Effects References
Strengthening utilization ratio of substances
B. licheniformis DW2ΔPaprA Enhancing the consumption ratio of soybean meal Soybean meal utilization ratio increased by 28.86%; bacitracin titer increased by 18.92% Cai et al., 2019a
Strengthening precursor amino acids
B. licheniformis DW2-ASP10 (ΔyveAaspAmalS, aspD*, ansB*, pycA*, ecaA*) Strengthening the supply of aspartic acid Aspartic acid titer increased by 394.47%; bacitracin titer increased by 40.10%; Zhu et al., 2021
B. licheniformis DW2-LYS5 (ΔyaaOlysE,ddh*, pycA*, lysA*, lysP*, yvsH*) Strengthening lysine supply Lysine titer increased by 52.78%; Bacitracin titer increased by 28.95%; Wu et al., 2019
B.licheniformis DW2ΔproBΔproJΔargR:ppnk1 Strengthening ornithine supply Ornithine titer increased by 71.40%; Bacitracin titer increased by 16.58%; Yu et al., 2019
B.licheniformis DW2-CYS4 (cysK*, cysE*, cysP*, tcyP*) Strengthening cysteine supply Cysteine titer increased by 46.36%; bacitracin titer increased by 21.10%; Li et al., 2021
B.licheniformis DW2-KENPND (ΔmetNspeDmtnN, metK*, metH*, metP*) Strengthening S-Adenosylmethionine supply SAM titer increased by 156%; bacitracin titer increased by 28.97%; Cai et al., 2020a
B.licheniformis DW-BCAA6 (ΔlrpC, ilvBNfbr*, leuAfbr*,ybgE*, yvbW*, braB*) Strengthening the supplies of branched chain amino acids Isoleucine, leucine and valine increased by 226%, 190% and 72%, respectively; bacitracin titer increased by 36.52% Cai et al., 2020b
B.licheniformis DW2Δlrp:brnQ Strengthening the supplies of branched chain amino acids Isoleucine, leucine and valine increased by 176.04%, 162.04%, 42.77%, respectively; bacitracin titer increased by 22.42% Zhu et al., 2018
B.licheniformis DW2ΔyhdG Strengthening the supplies of branched chain amino acids Isoleucine, leucine and valine increased by 627%, 590%, 536%, respectively; bacitracin titer increased by 22.42% Li et al., 2018
Strengthening ATP supply and NADPH generation
B.licheniformis DW2-CQD (ΔcydB, qoxA*,dcK*) Strengthening ATP supply ATP content increased by 49.32%; bacitracin titer increased by 21.66% Zhang et al., 2020
B.licheniformis BL2ST6 (vgb*, bacT*) Strengthening oxygen availability and type II thioesterase Bacitracin A titer increased by 36.84% Wu et al., 2021
B.licheniformis DW2:icd Increased the flux through TCA cycle ATP content increased by 73.7%; bacitracin titer increased by 11.5% Liu et al., 2018
B.licheniformis DW2:zwf Strengthening NADPH generation NADPH content increased by 61.24%; bacitracin titer increased by 12.43% Zhu et al., 2019
Transcription factor engineering
B. licheniformis DW2ΔabrB Over-expression of bacA by inactivation of AbrB Bacitracin titer increased by 17.50%; Wang et al., 2017
B.licheniformis DW2-CNCTGP (ΔccpCccpNphoP, tnrA*, codY*, glnR*) Transcription factor engineering ATP content increased by 60.65%; NADPH content increased by 54.74%; bacitracin titer increased by 35.72% Cai et al., 2019b