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. 2023 Apr 26:1–25. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s42087-023-00334-w

Table 2.

Summary of major findings

Occurrences particular to the study participants
Themes Topical Experiences from the dataset GP DP AP Experienced by ONE, SOME or ALL participants
Trust in vaccines

* The speedy process of developing the vaccines and the emergency authorization of the vaccine make some people vaccine skeptics

*The perceived safety and trust of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine

*The vaccine could potentially change the host DNA

*General side effects of the vaccines are worrying

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 + 

Some

Some

One

Some

Trust in institutions

*Low trust in government

*Miscommunication between government and health authorities

*Government’s handling of previous pandemics is problematic

*Pharmaceutical companies profiting from pandemics

*The mistrust in the government and the institutions who are making the vaccines does not want to take responsibility for themselves

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 − 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

Some

All

One

Some

Some

Cultural or religious beliefs

*The vaccines are intended to reduce the fertility rate of black people

*Immunization is incongruous with “God’s will”

*Religious people more likely to side with their religious belief system over science whenever disputes such as vaccine skepticism arise

*God is the ultimate protector of humans

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

Some

Some

Some

Some

 +  = experienced by participants, −  = not experienced by participants

GP Ghana participants, DP Denmark participants, AP American participants