Table 2.
Outcomes versus household income status. Unadjusted tests of association shown. Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) shown unless otherwise noted.
| Patient’s ZIP Code median income is below the national poverty threshold | Patient’s ZIP Code is in the lowest household income quartile based on percent of ZIP Code below poverty | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Household Income (N = 99) | Not Low Household Income (N = 844) | P-value | Low Household Income (N = 238) | Not Low Household Income (N = 705) | P-value | |
| Post-Enrollment MVS Score,(21, 22) median (IQR)* | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.17 | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Post-Enrollment MVS Score,(21, 22) excluded additional healthcare visits and medical treatment** median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.26 | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Moderate-Severe Acute Gastroenteritis (MVS ≥ 9), N (%) | 11 (11.0%) | 104 (12.3%) | 0.70 | 26 (10.8%) | 89 (12.6%) | 0.47 |
| Duration of diarrhea after randomization, median, hrs (IQR) | 50.1 (20.9–84.5) | 50.4 (22.4–87.8) | 0.70 | 46.4 (15.0–82.5) | 53.3 (23.8–88.9) | 0.01 |
| Total number of diarrhea episodes, median (IQR) | 7.7 (2.0–13.4) | 7.0 (3.0–13.0) | 0.94 | 6.0 (2.0–12.3) | 7.0 (3.0–13.0) | 0.03 |
| Maximum number of diarrhea stools in 24 hrs, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.51 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.01 |
| Duration of vomiting after randomization, median, hrs (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–3.4) | 0.0 (0.0–3.8) | 0.76 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–5.8) | 0.09 |
| Total number of vomiting episodes, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.79 | 0.0 (0.0–0.4) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.11 |
| Maximum number of vomit episodes in 24 hours, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.79 | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.12 |
| Primary Care visit within 7 days of discharge, N (%) | 2 (2.2%) | 53 (6.3%) | 0.07 | 7 (2.9%) | 49 (6.9%) | 0.02 |
| ED revisit within 7 days of discharge, N (%) | 6 (5.6%) | 57 (6.8%) | 0.65 | 18 (7.3%) | 45 (6.4%) | 0.61 |
| IV rehydration in the ED within 7 days of discharge, N (%) | 2 (2.3%) | 22 (2.6%) | 0.83 | 8 (3.5%) | 16 (2.3%) | 0.34 |
| Hospitalization within 7 days of discharge, N (%) | 3 (2.5%) | 14 (1.6%) | 0.53 | 5 (2.1%) | 11 (1.6%) | 0.59 |
The score was based on symptoms during the follow-up period and was calculated at the day 14 follow-up.
This modified score includes diarrhea and vomiting duration, maximum diarrhea and vomiting episodes, and maximum fever temperature, and excludes additional healthcare visits and medical treatment.
MVS, Modified Vesikari Scale; hrs, Hours; ED, Emergency Department; IV, intravenous.
P-values are from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for outcomes described with median (IQR) and Likelihood ratio tests for outcomes described with N (%).
Residential ZIP Code used to determine household income variables.
Threshold for ZIP Code Median Income: < $24,339 in 2016 US dollars, the poverty threshold in 2016 for 2 adults/2 children. Threshold for Percent of ZIP Code Below Poverty: > 31.5%, the upper quartile of observed values.