Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of universal screening and universal intervention

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Universal screening	Low cost; low provider burden	Patients likely to under-disclose; disparities in referrals and follow-ups; disparities in who receives resources and psychoeducation; reflects traditional model of healthcare; higher levels of care not always available if needed
Universal intervention	All patients receive psychoeducation and resources; mental healthcare is integrated into prenatal care; all patients have opportunity to discuss mental health concerns; will likely reduce costs long-term	Higher immediate cost; need for additional practitioners; higher levels of care not always available if needed