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. 2023 Apr 16;11(11):2374–2385. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i11.2374

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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Spatial distribution of the substance use disorder related mortality. A: The general population; B: White population; C: Black population in the contiguous United States. Maps were generated using ArcGIS Pro. 2.8[86].